Also called solipsism. A compound word of the Latin solus (only), ipse (self), and -ism. (1) In theory, it is a way of thinking that denies the existence of an ego (alter ego) in other people other than oneself. "We come to think that a certain group of ideas represents a separate principle of thought and movement similar to our own" (Berkeley). (2) In practice, it is a way of thinking that the only absolute value of life is the respect and realization of the individual ego. "I want to be all that I can be. Why should it concern me if others are similar" (Stirner). (3) In order to recognize one's own alternate ego, the analogy theory constructs the alternate ego through analogy with the ego, using the body, actions, and language as mediators (Husserl). In the theory of direct evidence, the existence of the alternate ego is directly known through pride and shame (Sartre). The intersubjectivity theory is based on a "person" that is not a specific self (Merleau-Ponty). [Kato Naotake] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
独在論、唯我論ともいう。ラテン語のsolus(ただ……だけ)とipse(自己)と-ism(主義)を合成してできた語。(1)理論的には、自分以外の他人に自分と同じ自我(他我)が存在することを否定する考え方。「私たちは観念のある集まりによって、私たち自身に似た思考と運動の別個の原理が表れていると考えるようになる」(バークリー)。(2)実践的には、個的自我の尊重・実現に人生の唯一絶対の価値があるという考え方。「私は、私がありうるすべてでありたい。他人が類似したものであるかが、どうして私にかかわりをもつだろう」(シュティルナー)。(3)自分の他我を認めるために、類比説では、身体、行為、言語を媒介に自我との類比から他我を構成する(フッサール)。直証説では、他我の存在は自負や恥じらいで直接に知られる(サルトル)。共同主観説は、特定の自己でない「ひと」を根本に置く(メルロ・ポンティ)。 [加藤尚武] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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