...Later, going a step further, it became customary to appoint as notaries public those young unofficial lawyers who had already proven their ability to testify. These professional notaries were called shuhūd or 'udūr, and the judges had the power to appoint and dismiss them. Since commercial transactions in Islamic society were not based on written contracts but on oral contracts with witnesses, the presence of such notaries was essential in a wide range of social life. *Some of the terminology that mentions "shuhūd" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…その後さらに一歩進んで,任官前の若い法律家の中からその証言能力がすでに証明済みの者を公証人として選任することが慣例となった。これらの専門的な公証人をシュフードshuhūdあるいはウドゥール‘udūrといい,任免権は裁判官にあった。イスラム社会の商取引は文書契約ではなく,証人を立てての口頭契約であったから,社会生活の広い範囲にわたってこのような公証人の存在が不可欠であった。… ※「shuhūd」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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