Film director. Born in Yotsuya, Tokyo. After graduating from a technical school, he joined Shochiku's Kamata studios as a props technician in 1920 (Taisho 9), and later became an assistant director. He distinguished himself as a director with "Farewell to You" and "Nightly Dreams" (1933), but as his style overlapped with that of Yasujiro Ozu, he moved to PCL (later Toho), which had recently embarked on film production. His first film, "Three Sisters with a Maiden's Heart" (1935), was a fine work, and his next film, "My Wife, Like a Rose" (1935), was a success with its delicate depiction of the lives of a wife, a concubine, and her husband, establishing him as a first-class director. He continued to make his presence felt with the arts drama "Tsuruhachi Tsurujiro" (1938) and "Hataraku Ikka" (1939), which portrayed a factory worker's family, but he went into a long slump after the Second World War. During this time, he married actress Chiba Sachiko (1911-1993) in 1937 (Showa 12), but they later divorced. His full-fledged comeback came with a series of works known for their meticulous depictions of daily life and strict psychological portrayals, such as "Meal" (1951), "Mother" and "Lightning" (1952), "Brother and Sister" (1953), and "Mountain Sounds" (1954). His unique, penetrating realism made him one of the great directors who led the golden age of film in the 1950s. Among them, "Floating Clouds" (1955) is a masterpiece that focuses on the inseparable relationship between a man and a woman against the backdrop of the devastated postwar society, deepening the trajectory of love and hate to the point of human "karma," and can be said to be the culmination of Naruse's own work. "Nagareru" (Flowing) (1956), which features some of the film industry's most famous actresses and depicts the joys and sorrows of the declining entertainment industry, cannot be overlooked. His last work was "Tsururegumo" (1967). Today, it is highly acclaimed internationally, and retrospective screenings are held all over the world. [Tomonori Saeki] Documents List of Director's Works Chambara Couple (1930) Nakacho Satoshi and Hasumi Shigehiko, Lumiere Series 7: Naruse Mikio's Designs - Art Director Reminiscences (1990, Chikuma Shobo) ▽ Tanaka Masumi, Abe Yoshiaki, Kimata Kimihiko, and Tanno Tatsuya eds., Film Reader: Naruse Mikio - The Transparent Waves of Melodrama (1995, Film Art Co.) ▽ Murakawa Hide ed., Naruse Mikio's Directing Techniques - Actors Speak About the Acting Scene (1997, Wise Publishing) ▽ Suzanne Scherman, Naruse Mikio - The Sparkle of Everyday Life (1997, Kinema Junpo) ▽ Hasumi Shigehiko and Yamane Sadao eds., Lumiere Series 36: Enter the World of Naruse Mikio (2005, Chikuma Shobo) ▽ Abe Yoshiaki, author of Naruse Mikio - Femininity in Film (2005, Kawade Shobo Shinsha) ▽ Hirano Tetsuya, editor, author of Watching Naruse Mikio (2005, Wise Publishing) ▽ Naruse Mikio and the Actresses in His Films, special commemorative publication for the 100th anniversary of his birth (2005, Pia) ▽ Film Director Naruse Mikio Retrospective - Commemorating the 100th Anniversary of Naruse Mikio's Birth (2005, Community Cinema Support Center) [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
映画監督。東京・四谷(よつや)に生まれる。工手学校卒業後、1920年(大正9)小道具係として松竹蒲田(かまた)撮影所に入社、後に助監督となる。『君と別れて』『夜ごとの夢』(1933)で監督として頭角を現したが、小津安二郎(おづやすじろう)の作風と重なることもあり、新たに映画製作に乗り出したPCL(後の東宝)に転じた。その第1作『乙女ごころ三人姉妹』(1935)を佳作に仕上げ、続く『妻よ薔薇(ばら)のやうに』(1935)では、妻と妾(めかけ)と夫のそれぞれの人生模様を繊細な描写で示して成功に導き、第一級監督の地歩を占めた。その後も芸道もの『鶴八鶴次郎』(1938)や職工の家族を描いた『はたらく一家』(1939)で存在を示すものの、第二次世界大戦を挟み長い不振が続いた。この間、1937年(昭和12)に女優、千葉早智子(ちばさちこ)(1911―1993)と結婚するが後に離婚。本格的に復帰するのは、『めし』(1951)、『おかあさん』『稲妻(いなづま)』(1952)、『あにいもうと』(1953)、『山の音』(1954)など、入念な生活描写、厳正な心理描写で知られる一連の作品からであり、その独自の透徹したリアリズムによって、1950年代の映画黄金期を担う巨匠の一人となった。なかでも、『浮雲』(1955)は戦後の荒廃した世相を背景に、断ちがたい一対の男女の関係を凝視し、その愛憎の軌跡を人間の「業(ごう)」にまで深めた傑作であり、成瀬自身の集大成といえよう。映画界を代表する女優陣を配し、零落してゆく花柳界の哀歓を描いた『流れる』(1956)も見落とせない。遺作は『乱れ雲』(1967)。今日では国際的な評価も高く、世界各地で回顧上映が行われている。 [佐伯知紀] 資料 監督作品一覧チャンバラ夫婦(1930) 『中古智・蓮實重彦著『リュミエール叢書7 成瀬巳喜男の設計――美術監督は回想する』(1990・筑摩書房)』▽『田中眞澄・阿部嘉昭・木全公彦・丹野達弥編『映畫読本 成瀬巳喜男――透きとおるメロドラマの波光よ』(1995・フィルムアート社)』▽『村川英編『成瀬巳喜男演出術――役者が語る演技の現場』(1997・ワイズ出版)』▽『スザンネ・シェアマン著『成瀬巳喜男――日常のきらめき』(1997・キネマ旬報社)』▽『蓮實重彦・山根貞男編著『リュミエール叢書36 成瀬巳喜男の世界へ』(2005・筑摩書房)』▽『阿部嘉昭著『成瀬巳喜男――映画の女性性』(2005・河出書房新社)』▽『平能哲也編著『成瀬巳喜男を観る』(2005・ワイズ出版)』▽『『成瀬巳喜男と映画の中の女優たち』生誕百年特別記念出版(2005・ぴあ)』▽『『映画監督成瀬巳喜男レトロスペクティブ――成瀬巳喜男生誕百年記念』(2005・コミュニティシネマ支援センター)』 [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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