Kingdom of Navarra (English: Reino de Navarra)

Japanese: ナバラ王国 - なばらおうこく(英語表記)Reino de Navarra スペイン語
Kingdom of Navarra (English: Reino de Navarra)

A medieval kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula that was established in the western part of the Pyrenees and straddled the mountains. Its French name was Navarre. Its capital was Pamplona, ​​and its inhabitants were mostly Basque (Basco). Its territory was larger on the Spanish side than on the French side.

The origin of the Kingdom of Navarre is unclear in many ways, but it is believed to have been due to the fluid situation brought about by the Muslim conquest. In other words, the kingdom was born in the early 10th century as a result of repeated attacks and defenses between the Muslims, the Frankish Kingdom, and the indigenous peoples over Pamplona, ​​the only city in the region. Navarre held hegemony among the Christian Spanish states in the first half of the 11th century, but lost its way to development after the second half of the century when its southward advance was blocked by the emerging kingdoms of Castile and Aragon. For about 200 years from 1234, it leaned heavily toward the French political sphere, but in the second half of the 15th century, it strengthened its ties with Spain again. After that, King Ferdinand II of Aragon (Ferdinand V as King of Castile) attempted to annex Navarrese from both diplomatic and military perspectives for security reasons, and conquered it militarily in 1512. Three years later, Navarre was incorporated into the Castilian monarchy, preserving its previous laws and institutions.

[Kobayashi Kazuhiro]

[References] | Iberian Peninsula | Navarre | Basques | Pamplona | Pyrenees | Ferdinand (V)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ピレネー山脈の西部、これをまたぐ形で成立した中世イベリア半島の王国。フランス語名はナバルNavarre。首都はパンプロナ、住民はバスク(バスコ)人が主流を占める。領土はフランス側よりもスペイン側のほうが大きかった。

 ナバラ王国の起源については不明な部分が多いが、イスラム教徒の征服がもたらした流動的な事態が起因したとみられる。すなわち、同地域の中で唯一の都市であったパンプロナをめぐって、イスラム教徒、フランク王国、先住民の三勢力が攻防を繰り返す過程で、10世紀初めに王国が誕生した。ナバラは、11世紀前半にはキリスト教スペイン諸国のなかで覇権を握ったが、同世紀後半以降は新興のカスティーリャとアラゴンの両王国に南進を阻まれて発展の道を失った。1234年から約200年間、フランスの政治圏に大きく傾いたが、15世紀後半にはふたたびスペイン側との結び付きを強めた。その後、再びフランス寄りを強めるナバラを自国の安全保障上の理由からアラゴン王フェルナンド2世(カスティーリャ王としてはフェルナンド5世)は外交と軍事の両面からナバラの併合を企て、1512年にこれを軍事征服した。そして3年後にナバラはそれまでの法と体制を維持したままカスティーリャ王権下に編入された。

[小林一宏]

[参照項目] | イベリア半島 | ナバラ | バスク人 | パンプロナ | ピレネー山脈 | フェルナンド(5世)

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