Isho

This book is a compilation of the theories of divination and wei (Shin'i), which were popular during the Han dynasty in China. The theory of divination and wei (Shin'i), which combines the theories of divination and wei (Shin'i), which predict the future and which have been popular since the pre-Qin dynasty, with the theories of wei (Shin'i), which attempt to interpret the classics (Keisho) using various theories such as Yin-Yang and the Five Elements, auspicious omens (Zuisho), and divine physiognomy, flourished at the end of the Western Han dynasty under the names Toshin, Toi, and Iko. At the beginning of the Later Han Dynasty, it became connected with the government, and a movement arose to organize it as a modern text theory in opposition to the Ancient Classics that Wang Mang held in high esteem, leading to the creation of the so-called "Weishu" with three-character titles such as "Qianzakudo," "Kaoringyo," and "Genmeihou." This "Weishu" includes the seven Wei, namely "Yiwei," "Shuwei," "Shiwei," "Liwei," "Rakuwei," "Shunqiuwei," and "Kaoji," as well as "Shangshu Zhonghou," "Analects of Confucius," "Hetu," and "Luoshu," but not all of them were created in the early Later Han Dynasty, and some were added during the Six Dynasties period. Its main part, the "Seven Wei" cited in the annotation by Li Xian in the "Chuan of the Fang Arts" in the "Book of the Later Han," is thought to have been created in the early Later Han, and includes annotations by Zheng Xuan (127-200). As the "Book of the Wei" contained elements that would cause social unrest, such as theories of revolution, it was subject to repeated suppression, and most of it was lost after the Tang dynasty. Therefore, the Yuan Dynasty's Tao Zongyi's "Shuo Hui", the Ming Dynasty's Sun's "Gu Wei Shu", the Qi Wei by Zhao Zaihan, the Qi Wei by Ma Guohan, the Yukan Shanfang Ji Laishu, Qiao Songnian's "Wei Sui", and Huang Zhong's "Tong Wei Yishukao" compiled fragments of the Wei Shu from ancient and modern documents. It was introduced to Japan long ago, and became the basis for the Jiazi Revolution and the Xinyou Revolution, and also influenced Onmyodo.

[Shohachi Nakamura]

"Compiled by Yasui Kozan and Nakamura Shohachi, 'Compiled by the Revised Collection of Weisho', 6 volumes (1971-78, Meitoku Publishing)" ▽ "Fundamental Research on Weisho', by Yasui Kozan and Nakamura Shohachi (1976, Kokusho Kankokai)" ▽ "The Establishment and Development of Weisho', by Yasui Kozan (1979, Kokusho Kankokai)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の漢代に盛行した讖緯(しんい)説を集大成した書。先秦(しん)のころより流行していた未来を予言する讖(しん)と、陰陽五行(いんようごぎょう)、災異瑞祥(ずいしょう)、天人相感などの諸説によって経書(けいしょ)を解釈しようとする緯(い)とが結合した讖緯説は、図讖(としん)、図緯(とい)、緯候(いこう)などとよばれて前漢末に隆盛を極めた。それが後漢(ごかん)初に至り、政権と結び付き、王莽(おうもう)の重んじた古文経に対抗して今文(きんぶん)学説として整理の気運が生じ、「乾鑿度(けんさくど)」「考霊曜(こうれいよう)」「元命包(げんめいほう)」など3字の編名を冠するいわゆる『緯書』が成立した。この『緯書』は「易緯(えきい)」「書緯」「詩緯」「礼緯」「楽緯」「春秋緯」「考経緯」の七緯のほか、「尚書中候(しょうしょちゅうこう)」「論語讖(ろんごしん)」「河図(かと)」「洛書(らくしょ)」をも含むが、そのすべてが後漢初の作成ではなく、六朝(りくちょう)期に付加されたものもある。その主要な部分、『後漢書』の「方術伝」の李賢(りけん)注に引く「七緯」は、後漢初めに成立したものと思われ、これには鄭玄(じょうげん)（127―200）注がある。『緯書』には革命説など社会を混乱させる要素も含まれていたため、たびたびの弾圧を受け、唐以後はそのほとんどが亡佚(ぼういつ)した。そこで元の陶宗儀(とうそうぎ)の『説郛(せつふ)』、明(みん)の孫(そんこく)の『古微書(こびしょ)』、清(しん)の趙在翰(ちょうざいかん)の『七緯』、馬国翰(まこっかん)の『玉函山房輯佚書(ぎょくかんさんぼうへんいっしょ)』、喬松年(きょうしょうねん)の『緯攟(いくん)』、黄奭(こうせき)の『通緯逸書考』などは、古今の文献から『緯書』の逸文を編集した。日本にも、つとに伝来、甲子(かっし)革命、辛酉(しんゆう)革命などのよりどころとなり、陰陽道(おんみょうどう)にも影響した。

［中村璋八］

『安居香山・中村璋八編『重修緯書集成』全6巻（1971～78・明徳出版社）』▽『安居香山・中村璋八著『緯書の基礎的研究』（1976・国書刊行会）』▽『安居香山著『緯書の成立とその展開』（1979・国書刊行会）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例