Gyokumon Pass - Gyokumon Pass

Japanese: 玉門関 - ぎょくもんかん
Gyokumon Pass - Gyokumon Pass

This pass was placed at the western end of the Great Wall during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han in the late 2nd century BC. Along with Yangguan Pass, which was the starting point of the southern route, it was the border between China and the countries of the Western Regions, and the starting point of the northern route. Later, when Emperor Wu established the four Hexi commanderies and managed the Western Regions, it also became a base for them. It got its name from the fact that jade was imported from the countries of the Western Regions through this area. Its location has changed over time, but an archaeological survey by the British scientist Stein in 1907 proved that Xiao Fangpancheng, located about 100 km northwest of Dunhuang County, was the site before the Jin Dynasty. The castle was square, with gates on the north and west, and the Shule River flowed outside the north gate. During the Six Dynasties period, the road from Anxi to Hami became important, and the checkpoint was moved east to the vicinity of Shuangtafort in Anxi. After the Song dynasty, the checkpoint was abandoned with the decline of the oasis route.

[Isao Katagiri]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

紀元前2世紀末、中国、漢の武帝のとき、万里の長城の西端に置かれた関。南道の出発点である陽関とともに、中国と西域(せいいき)諸国との境界となっており、北道の出発点であった。のち、武帝が河西(かせい)四郡を置いて西域経営を行ったとき、その拠点ともなった。西域諸国から玉(ぎょく)を輸入するとき、この地を経たことにより、その名がある。その位置は、時代により変動はあるが、晋(しん)代以前は、1907年、イギリスのスタインの考古調査により、敦煌(とんこう)県の北西約100キロメートルにある小方盤城がその地であることが証明された。城は方形で、北と西とに門があり、北門の外には疏勒(そろく)河が流れていた。六朝(りくちょう)時代には、安西からハミに至る道が重要となり、関は東方の安西の双塔堡(そうとうほ)付近へと移った。宋(そう)代以後は、オアシス・ルートの衰退に伴って関も廃された。

[片桐 功]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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