A Stoic philosopher from the Roman Empire. Born in Phrygia in Asia Minor. Although he was a Roman slave, he studied Stoic philosophy and was later freed. Around 90 AD, he moved to Nicopolis on the west coast of Greece and founded a school. He wrote nothing, but only the Diatribai (Sayings) written by his disciple Lucius Flavius Arrianus (87-145) and the Encheiridion (Handbook) which summarized them remain. Epictetus's position is best expressed by his motto, "Be patient, be resigned." He said, "There are things that are ours and things that are not ours." Our judgments, desires, and actions are at our disposal, but our bodies, property, fame, power, and so on are governed by necessity and are beyond our control. Philosophy is the training to recognize this "nature" as it is and to align our will with it. Thus, he proclaimed, "I choose with God, I will with God, I will with God." His influence extends to fellow Stoic Marcus Aurelius, as well as Christian Church Fathers and modern philosophers such as Pascal. [Yoshihide Tanaka January 20, 2015] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ローマ帝政時代のストア哲学者。小アジアのフリギアの生まれ。ローマの奴隷の身分でありながらストア哲学を学び、のちに解放された。90年ごろギリシア西海岸のニコポリスに移り、学校を創設した。著作はなく、弟子アリアノスLucius Flavius Arrianus(87―145)の筆録した『語録』Diatribaiと、それを要約した『ハンドブック』Encheiridionが残存する。エピクテトスの立場をもっともよく表すのが「忍耐せよ、断念せよ」という標語である。「われわれのものと、われわれのものに非(あら)ざるものとがある」と彼はいう。われわれの判断や欲望や行為はわれわれの自由になるが、身体、財産、名声、権力などは必然によって支配され、われわれの力ではどうにもならないものである。このありのままの「自然」を認識し、われわれの意志をそれに一致させるための修練が哲学である。かくして、「私は神とともに選び、ともに欲し、ともに意志する」と唱えた。彼の影響は、同じストア学派のマルクス・アウレリウスをはじめ、キリスト教の教父たちや、近世のパスカルなどにまで及んでいる。 [田中享英 2015年1月20日] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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