Nagatomi Dokushoan

Japanese: 永富独嘯庵 - ながとみ・どくしょうあん

Year of death: 3/3/5 Meiwa (1766/4/13)
Year of birth: Kyoho 17 (1732)
A doctor in the mid-Edo period. His given name was Hou, his pen name was Chaoyang, he was commonly known as Shoan, and later Housuke. He was born in Ube Village, Toyoura County, Nagato Province (Oji, Chofu-cho, Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture). His father was Katsuhara Suio. At the age of 13, he was adopted by Nagatomi Yuan, a doctor in Akamagaseki (the old city of Shimonoseki), and studied under his adoptive father and Inoue Motomasa of Hagi, learning the medicine (Gosei-ho) of Li Dongwon and Shu Dankei of the Kim Won Dynasty, but was not satisfied. He also studied Confucianism under Yamagata Shunan. At the age of 14, he went to Edo to further his studies, but returned to Japan at the age of 17. By chance, he heard from a friend, Adachi, that Yamawaki Toyo was in Kyoto, preaching ancient medical methods and was a well-known physician, so at the age of 18, he went to Kyoto and became Toyo's disciple. Toyo followed the Treatise on Shanghan Lun as his model, and of the three methods of han, to, and ge, he was skilled in the han and ge. At that time, vomiting was not yet common, and Okumura Ryotake of Echizen was said to be the only person who was knowledgeable about vomiting, so together with Toyo's son Tomon, he visited Ryotake of Echizen and learned the technique as well. He later returned to Akamaguseki via Kyoto, and in 1762, he visited Nagasaki, where he studied Dutch medicine under Yoshio Kogyu. He rejected prejudice and focused on the ancient methods of the Oriental school, but also adopted other schools where appropriate, and showed a deep interest and understanding of Dutch medicine. It is well known that the possibility of breast cancer surgery, which he described in his book Manyu Zakki, later inspired Hanaoka Seishu to perform the same surgery. In addition to medicine, he also worked in sugar manufacturing. His students included the Confucian scholar Kamei Nanmei and the Dutch physician Koishi Genshun, and he had a great influence on future generations through his students and his books. <Works> Manyu Zakki, Toho Ko, Engo, Hokkou Hiroku, and Mouso Kokke

(Hiroshi Kozodo)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：明和3.3.5(1766.4.13)
生年：享保17(1732)
江戸中期の医者。名は鳳,字は朝陽,通称昌安,のち鳳介。長門国豊浦郡宇部村(山口県下関市長府町王司)生まれ。父は勝原翠翁。13歳で赤間関(下関旧市内)の医者永富友庵の養子となり,養父や萩の井上元昌に師事して金元の李東垣や朱丹渓の医(後世方)を学んだが満足できなかった。かたわら山県周南のもとで儒学を修めた。14歳で江戸に行き,さらに研鑽を積んだが,17歳で帰国。たまたま友人安達某に京都に山脇東洋があって古医方を唱えて医名が盛んであることを聞き,18歳のとき京都に上って東洋の門人となった。東洋は『傷寒論』を規範とし,汗・吐・下の三方のうち,汗・下の方に巧みであった。当時すでに吐方は一般に行われておらず,越前の奥村良竹がひとり吐方に詳しいといわれていたため,東洋の子の東門と共に越前の良竹を訪ね,吐方をも学んだ。のち京都を経て赤間関に帰り,宝暦12(1762)年には長崎に遊び,吉雄耕牛に就いて蘭学も修めた。偏見を排し,東洋流の古方を中心としつつも,他流の採るべきところは採り,蘭方にも深い興味と理解を示した。その著『漫遊雑記』中に記した乳がん手術の可能性が,後年華岡青洲に同手術への示唆を与えた話は有名。医学のほかに製糖に関する仕事もある。門人には儒者亀井南冥や蘭方医小石元俊らがおり,門人,著書を通じて後世に大きな影響を残した。<著作>『漫遊雑記』『吐方考』『嚢語』『葆光秘録』『黴瘡口訣』

(小曾戸洋)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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