Nijmegen - Naimeehen (English spelling) Nijmegen

A city in the southern part of Gelderland, in the eastern part of the Netherlands. In ancient times it was called Noviomagus, and its German name is Nimwegen. It has a population of 153,705 (2001). It is located on the left bank of the Waal River near the German border, and is a key transportation hub, including water transport. Industries such as electrical machinery, textiles, and pottery have developed here. It originated as a Celtic settlement, and flourished as a military camp for Emperor Trajan in the Roman era and as the royal palace of Emperor Charlemagne in the Carolingian dynasty. It became an imperial free city in 1184, later joining the Hanseatic League and the Union of Utrecht at the time of Dutch independence, and was the site of the peace treaty after the Dutch War in 1678-79. The city spreads from the banks of the Waal River to the hills behind it, and the remains of the city walls, which were removed in the late 19th century, have been turned into promenades and parks, making it an attractive garden city. In addition to Valkhofpark, the former palace of Charlemagne, the city is also home to the 13th to 15th century St. Stephen's Church, the Renaissance-style town hall, and the Catholic University.

[Takaharu Hasegawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

オランダ東部、ヘルデルラント州南部の都市。古代にはノビオマグスNoviomagusとよばれ、ドイツ語名はニムウェーゲンNimwegen。人口15万3705（2001）。ドイツ国境に近いワール川左岸に位置し、水運をはじめとする交通の要地。電気機械、繊維、陶器などの工業が発達する。ケルト人集落に起源を有し、ローマ時代にはトラヤヌス帝の軍営地、カロリング朝ではカール大帝の王宮となって繁栄した歴史的な都市。1184年帝国自由都市となり、のちハンザ同盟に、またオランダ独立時はユトレヒト同盟に加盟、1678～79年にはオランダ戦争後の和約締結地となった。市街はワール川の河畔から背後の丘陵にかけて広がり、19世紀後半に撤去された市壁跡が遊歩道や公園になっていて魅力ある田園都市を形成する。カール大帝の宮殿跡のファルクホフ公園のほか、13～15世紀の聖ステフェンス教会、ルネサンス風の市庁舎、カトリック大学がある。

［長谷川孝治］

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