A heterocyclic compound, also known as 3-hydroxyindole. It is found naturally in plants such as Chinese cabbage and Japanese indole as the aglycone (a component other than sugar) of indican, a glycoside of indoxyl. It is an unstable yellow crystal that dissolves well in acetone, and is also soluble in water, ethanol (ethyl alcohol), ether, etc. It is easily oxidized to indigo in an alkaline solution. Indigo is synthesized by reacting sodium phenylglycine with sodium amide in the presence of an alkali hydroxide. The intermediate is indoxyl, but indoxyl is usually not isolated but is oxidized directly to indigo. Even when dyeing with indigo using old methods using plants that contain indican, such as indigo, the juice of the plant is mixed with an alkaline aqueous solution (such as lye) and air is blown in to hydrolyze the indican in the plant to form indoxyl, which is then oxidized, and these two reaction steps are carried out simultaneously to produce the indigo dye. [Masahiro Hirota] [References] | | | | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
複素環式化合物の一つで、3-ヒドロキシインドールの別名。天然にはインドキシルの配糖体であるインジカンのアグリコン(糖以外の成分をいう)としてタイセイ、アイなどの植物に分布している。 不安定な黄色の結晶で、アセトンによく溶け、水、エタノール(エチルアルコール)、エーテルなどにも可溶。アルカリ性溶液中で容易に酸化されてインジゴになる。水酸化アルカリの存在下でフェニルグリシンナトリウム塩とナトリウムアミド反応をさせてインジゴを合成する。その際の中間体がインドキシルであるが、普通はインドキシルを単離しないで、そのまま酸化してインジゴにする。藍(あい)などのインジカンを含む植物を用いて、昔の方法で藍染めを行う場合にも、植物の汁をアルカリ性水溶液(灰汁など)と混ぜて空気を吹き込む操作により、植物中のインジカンを加水分解してインドキシルとし、それを酸化させるという二つの反応行程をいっしょに行って、藍色染料のインジゴをつくっている。 [廣田 穰] [参照項目] | | | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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