Advance loan - Zenshakukin

Japanese: 前借金 - ぜんしゃくきん
Advance loan - Zenshakukin

It refers to money advanced by an employer to a worker or his/her parents at the time of entering into a labor contract, on the condition that it will be deducted from the wages to be earned in the future. This system was used to take advantage of the hardships of workers, placing them in a position of long-term debt slavery, and forcing them to work under low wages and poor working conditions. In Japan before World War II, it was widespread in a wide range of industries, including geisha (prostitutes), female factory workers in the textile industry, and manual laborers in mining and construction, and this led to de facto forced labor and human trafficking.

After the war, in order to eliminate and prevent such human rights violations, Article 17 of the Labor Standards Law prohibited the offsetting of advances against wages, stating that "employers shall not offset advances of loans or other credits that are made conditional on the employee's performance of work." However, since this clause is concerned with advances of loans that are made conditional on the employee's performance of work, it does not apply to the employee receiving credit from an employer.

[Yoshio Yuasa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

将来得る予定の賃金から差し引くことを条件として、労働契約締結時に使用者が労働者またはその親などに前貸しする金銭のことをいう。この制度は、労働者の窮迫状態に乗じて彼らを長期間債務奴隷的な立場に置き、低賃金と低劣な労働条件で労働を強制するために利用された。第二次世界大戦前のわが国においては、芸娼妓(げいしょうぎ)をはじめとして、繊維産業の女工、鉱山・建築等の肉体労働者など、広い産業分野において普及し、これによって事実上の強制労働と人身売買行為が行われてきた。

 戦後、このような人権侵害を排除・予防するために、労働基準法第17条は、「使用者は、前借金その他労働することを条件とする前貸の債権と賃金を相殺してはならない」として、前借金の労働による相殺を禁止した。なお、この条項は、労働することを条件とする前貸し債権を問題としているのであるから、使用者から労働者が信用貸しを受けること自体は、これに該当しない。

[湯浅良雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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