It refers to an organ that is in a body cavity and can be taken out by itself, and is relatively independent. In the past, the brain, heart, spleen, and eyeballs were also included in this category, but now the brain belongs to the nervous system, the heart and spleen to the vascular system, and the eyeballs to the visual organs of the sensory system. Therefore, the organs that are the subject of viscerology are those that belong to the digestive system, respiratory system, urinary and reproductive system, and endocrine system. These organs are divided into solid and hollow organs. Solid organs are made up of a collection of cells specific to that organ, and include the liver, kidneys, testes, ovaries, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and thymus. These solid organs also have a secretory function. In addition, connective tissue penetrates the solid matter, acting as the interstitium or stroma to protect and support the solid matter. A hollow organ is a tube or sac that has an innermost mucous membrane, an outer muscular layer, and an outermost layer called the serous membrane or adventitia. Hollow organs include the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, larynx, trachea, ureters, bladder, urethra, vas deferens, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. [Kazuyo Shimai] ©Shogakukan "> Organs located in the thoracic and abdominal cavities of the human body (1) ©Shogakukan "> Organs located in the thoracic and abdominal cavities of the human body (2) ©Shogakukan "> Organs located in the thoracic and abdominal cavities of the human body (3) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
体腔(たいくう)の中にあって、それだけを取り出すことのできる、ある程度独立した器官をいう。古くは脳、心臓、脾臓(ひぞう)、眼球などもこれに含めていたが、現在では、脳は神経系、心臓と脾臓は血管系、眼球は感覚器系の視覚器に属させている。したがって、内臓学として対象とする内臓は、消化器系、呼吸器系、泌尿・生殖器系、内分泌器系に属する器官となる。これらの内臓には、実質性臓器と中空性臓器とがある。実質性臓器とは、その臓器特有の細胞が集合して実質を構成しているもので、肝臓、腎(じん)臓、精巣(睾丸(こうがん))、卵巣、甲状腺(せん)、下垂体、副腎、胸腺などが含まれる。これらの実質性臓器は、分泌機能ももっている。また、実質の中には結合組織が入り込んで、間質あるいは支質として実質の保護や支持の役を果たしている。中空性臓器とは、管(くだ)とか嚢(のう)を形成するもので、そのもっとも内壁には粘膜、その外側には筋層、最外層には漿膜(しょうまく)あるいは外膜の層がある。中空性臓器には、咽頭(いんとう)、食道、胃、腸管、喉頭(こうとう)、気管系、尿管、膀胱(ぼうこう)、尿道、精管、卵管、子宮、腟(ちつ)などが含まれる。 [嶋井和世] ©Shogakukan"> 人体の胸腔・腹腔に位置する内臓(1) ©Shogakukan"> 人体の胸腔・腹腔に位置する内臓(2) ©Shogakukan"> 人体の胸腔・腹腔に位置する内臓(3) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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