Aikokusha - Aikokusha

Japan's first nationwide political association. It was formed on February 22, 1875 (Meiji 8) by bringing together local freedom and civil rights associations, with Tosa Risshisha at the center. Although only a few dozen samurai attended the inaugural convention, the organization established its headquarters in Tokyo, decided to hold conventions every February and August, and attempted to develop the civil rights movement, but was soon dissolved. It was later re-established in 1878 at the initiative of Ueki Emori and others, and by 1879 had become a nationwide association with 21 associations from 18 prefectures. This incident marked a turning point for the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, which developed rapidly. At its fourth conference in March 1880, 97 representatives of 101,161 people who had signed a petition calling for the establishment of a national diet from two prefectures and 27 prefectures gathered in Osaka. They changed their name to the National Diet Promotion Alliance, selected Kataoka Kenkichi of Tosa Risshisha and Kono Hironaka of Fukushima Sekiyosha as their representatives, and submitted a "Petition for the Approval of the Establishment of a National Diet" to the government.

[Yasushi Goto]

"History of the Liberal Party" edited by Taisuke Itagaki (Iwanami Bunko)" ▽ "Study of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement" by Masanaka Naito (1965, Aoki Shoten)" ▽ "Freedom and People's Rights" by Yasushi Goto (Chuko Shinsho)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

日本最初の全国的政治結社。1875年（明治8）2月22日、土佐立志社が中心となって各地方の自由民権結社を結集して結成された。創立大会には数十名の士族が集まったにすぎなかったが、東京に本社を置き、毎年2月と8月に大会を開くことを決め、民権運動の発展に努めようとしたが、すぐに解体した。その後1878年に植木枝盛(えもり)らの主唱によって再興され、1879年には18県21社が参集する全国的結社となった。これを契機として自由民権運動は急速に発展し、1880年3月の第4回大会には2府27県の国会開設請願署名者10万1161名の代表97名が大阪に結集し、名を国会期成同盟と改め、土佐立志社の片岡健吉、福島石陽(せきよう)社の河野広中(こうのひろなか)を代表に選んで政府に「国会を開設するの允可(いんか)を上願する書」を提出した。

［後藤　靖］

『板垣退助編『自由党史』（岩波文庫）』▽『内藤正中著『自由民権運動の研究』（1965・青木書店）』▽『後藤靖著『自由民権』（中公新書）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例