A type of megalithic monument. In Celtic, dol means table and men means stone, and it consists of a large ceiling stone and several stones supporting it. As it is translated as dolmen, most of them are thought to be tombs. They are distributed worldwide from the Neolithic to the Iron Age, and their forms are various. In Korea, table-type dolmens, which have one large ceiling stone on top of three or four large stones, and platform-type dolmens, which have small supporting stones and do not form a tomb chamber, are known. There is also a view that dolmens are European passage tombs and corridor tombs, and Japanese horizontal-hole stone chambers. British archaeologist Daniel proposes that the word dolmen should not be used as an academic term because it is used in a variety of ways, such as when it is used for megalithic structures that are severely collapsed and whose original form is unknown, when it means "simple stone chambers with one ceiling stone supported by two or more side stones" (desu) as classified by Montelius, or when it means all megalithic structures. In Asia, research has been conducted in Korea, northeastern China, India, Vietnam and other areas, and San Agustin in South America is also well known. [Terashima Koichi] [Reference] | |This dolmen is a type of tomb known as the table style or northern style. It is 2.6m high, with a cover stone 7.1m long and 5.5m wide. Part of the World Heritage Site "Gochang, Hwasun, and Ganghwa Dolmen Site" (Korea, registered in 2000) Ganghwa Island, Korea ©Shogakukan "> Dolmen Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
巨石記念物の一種。ケルト語でdolは机、menは石を意味し、大きな天井石と、それを支える数個の石からなる。支石墓と訳されているように、そのほとんどが墓と考えられている。新石器時代から鉄器時代にかけて世界的に分布しており、形態もさまざまである。朝鮮では、3、4個の大石の上に1個の大きな天井石をのせる卓子式支石墓や、支石が小さく墓室を構成しない基盤形支石墓などが知られている。またヨーロッパの羨道(せんどう)墳や通廊墳、日本の横穴式石室をドルメンとする考え方もある。イギリスの考古学者ダニエルは、ドルメンということばが、原形が何かわからない崩壊の著しい巨石建造物に使われる場合、モンテリウスの分類した「1枚の天井石が2個以上の側石によって支えられる単純石室」(デス)を意味する場合、またすべての巨石建造物をドルメンとよぶ場合など、実に多様に用いられており、学術的用語としてはこれを用いるべきでないと提唱している。アジアでは、朝鮮のほか中国東北部やインド、ベトナムなどで調査が進み、南米のサン・アグステンなどもよく知られている。 [寺島孝一] [参照項目] | |卓子式とも北方式ともよばれる形式の支石墓。高さ2.6m、蓋石は長さ7.1m、幅5.5m。世界文化遺産「高敞、和順、江華の支石墓群跡」の一部(韓国・2000年登録) 韓国 江華島©Shogakukan"> 支石墓 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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