Transcendentalism

Japanese: トランセンデンタリズム

An intellectual movement that arose in New England, USA, in the late 19th century. It is also called "transcendentalism" or "transcendentalism" (the original word may refer to Kant's a priori philosophy, which is distinguished by the translation "a priori smugism"). It was founded by Emerson, Unitarian pastors such as T. Parker and WE Channing, and HD Thoreau, and aimed to understand the world through super-empirical intuition, to achieve harmony between nature and spirit, and to reform society through small communities. It was more strongly influenced by British Romanticism (College, Carlyle) and the religious revival movement that began with J. Edwards than by its connection to German idealism. Overall, it reflects the basic trend in American intellectual history, the "secularization of Puritanism," but it also had a great influence on American Symbolist literature such as that of Hawthorne.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

19世紀後半，米国のニューイングランドに興った思想運動。〈超越主義〉〈超絶主義〉とも（原語はカントの先験哲学をさす場合もあり，これには〈先験主義〉との訳語をあてて区別する）。エマソンを中心に，T.パーカー，W.E.チャニングらのユニテリアン派牧師，H.D.ソローらがつどい，超経験的な直観による世界把握，自然と精神の調和，小共同体による社会改革などをめざした。ドイツ観念論とのつながりよりも，英国のロマン主義（コールリジ，カーライル）やJ.エドワーズ以来の信仰復興運動の影響が強い。総じて〈ピューリタニズムの世俗化〉というアメリカ思想史の基本動向を反映するものだが，ホーソーンらアメリカ象徴主義文学への影響も大きい。
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