Orifice (English spelling)

Japanese: オリフィス（英語表記）orifice

A hole in a thin wall through which a fluid flows out, used to adjust or measure flow rate. The wall thickness is less than about 1/5 of the opening, and the angle of approach can be ignored. If an orifice with an opening diameter d ( D > d ) is inserted in the middle of a flow tube with diameter D , the flow rate changes immediately after the orifice, and the pressure drops (→ Bernoulli's theorem). The flow rate can be calculated by detecting the pressure difference of the fluid before and after the orifice. This can also be used as a monitor to adjust the flow rate. It is used to control the flow rate of air, steam, oil, gas, etc., including the fuel oil introduction part of a carburetor. By overlapping an orifice on the pipe between the gas source and the exhaust pump, an appropriate pressure gradient can be created between them.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

流量の調節や測定に用いる薄い壁にあけた流体の流れ出る穴。壁の厚さが開口の1/5程度より小さく，接近の角度が無視できるもの。直径 D の流管の途中に開口径 d ( D ＞ d ) のオリフィスを挿入すると，その直後では流速が変化し，圧力が下る (→ベルヌーイの定理 ) 。オリフィスの手前と直後での流体の圧力差を検出することにより，流量が求められる。またそれをモニターとして流量の調節ができる。気化器の燃料油の導入部分をはじめ，空気，蒸気，油，ガスなどの流量制御に使われる。気体の供給源と排気ポンプの間の管にオリフィスを重ねれば，その間に適当な圧力の勾配をつけることができる。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Olive oil - olive oil

>>: Olive - Olive (English spelling)