Judgment - Decision

It refers to a decision made by an administrative agency through a litigation procedure. In positive law, it is expressed as a ruling, adjudication, decision, judgment, or adjudication decision.

(1) It refers to a decision made by an examining agency regarding an appeal against an administrative disposition initially taken by an administrative agency. The law that lays down the principles is the Administrative Appeal Act (Act No. 160 of 1962). The decision must be in writing, with reasons attached, and signed and sealed by the examining agency. The decision becomes effective when a certified copy of the decision is served on the person requesting the review (or when this is not possible, a public notice is made). The decision is binding on the administrative agencies concerned.

(2) It refers to a decision made by an administrative agency to adjudicate a dispute between equal parties. It is only permitted in exceptional cases (Article 39 of the Land Expropriation Law, Article 45 of the Fisheries Law, Article 90 of the Mining Law, Article 12 of the Quarrying Law, Article 42-2 of the Pollution Dispute Resolution Law, Article 8 of the Local Tax Law, Article 9 of the Local Autonomy Law, etc.).

[Yasuhito Abe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

行政庁が争訟手続を経て行う決定をいう。実定法上は裁決、裁定、決定、判定、審決などのことばで表現されている。

(1)行政庁が第一次的に行った行政処分に対してなされた不服申立てについて審査庁がする決定をいう。その原則を定める法律は行政不服審査法（昭和37年法律160号）である。裁決は書面で、かつ理由を付し、審査庁が記名押印しなければならない。裁決は、審査請求人に裁決書の謄本の送達（これによりがたいときは公示）をすることにより効力を生ずる。裁決は関係行政庁を拘束する。

(2)対等の当事者間の紛争を行政庁が裁断する決定をいう。例外的にのみ認められている（土地収用法39条以下、漁業法45条、鉱業法90条以下、採石法12条以下、公害紛争処理法42条の2以下、地方税法8条、地方自治法9条など）。

［阿部泰隆］

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