In a broad sense, it is a general term for the institutions that the Cabinet Office, ministries (including external bureaus), and local governments establish in local areas to divide up some of their affairs. In a narrow sense, it refers to the local branch offices of the national government that are established by law as local administrative agencies of the country when the national branch offices, that is, the Cabinet Office and ministries (including external bureaus), need to divide up the affairs under their jurisdiction (Article 43, Paragraph 2 and Article 57 of the Cabinet Office Establishment Act, Article 9 of the National Government Organization Act). Examples of local branch offices include the Regional Police Bureaus under the National Police Agency, the Legal Affairs Bureaus and the Regional Legal Affairs Bureaus under the Ministry of Justice, the Finance Bureaus and the Finance Offices under the Ministry of Finance, and customs. Because many of the affairs under the jurisdiction of local branch offices are closely related to the autonomous affairs of local governments, care is taken to ensure that the fundamental principles of local autonomy are not infringed upon. The establishment of local branch offices is a matter of law, and national local administrative agencies, including so-called resident offices, cannot establish them without the approval of the Diet (Local Autonomy Act, Article 156, Paragraph 4). [Kazukazu Hirata] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
広義では、内閣府や省(外局を含む)、地方公共団体がその所掌事務の一部を地域的に分掌させるために地方に設置する機関の総称である。狭義では、国の出先機関、すなわち、内閣府や省(外局を含む)が、その所掌事務を分掌させる必要がある場合に、法律の定めるところにより設置する国の地方行政機関としての地方支分部局をいう(内閣府設置法43条2項・57条、国家行政組織法9条)。地方支分部局の例として、警察庁の下における管区警察局、法務省の下における法務局およびその下の地方法務局、財務省の下における財務局およびその下の財務事務所、税関などがある。地方支分部局の所掌事務の多くは、地方公共団体の自治事務と密接な関係を有するところから、いわゆる地方自治の本旨が侵されることのないようにとの配慮がなされ、地方支分部局の設置は法律事項であり、いわゆる駐在機関も含めて国の地方行政機関は、国会の承認を経なければこれを設けることはできない(地方自治法156条4項)。 [平田和一] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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