Roman Emperor (reigned 81-96). Son of Emperor Vespasian, founder of the Flavian dynasty. He ascended to the throne after the death of his brother Emperor Titus. He was a capable politician and a skilled soldier, but also had strong autocratic tendencies. He became censor perpetuus for life in 85, ignored the senate, strengthened his dictatorship, and even persecuted Jews and Christians, calling himself "Lord and God" (dominus et deus). After the rebellion of Antonius Saturninus, governor of Upper Germania, in 888, he encouraged informants, executed influential senators one after another, and confiscated their property. In foreign policy, Agricola conquered Britannia, and the Germanic-Dacian war was waged, but the conquest of Dacia was unsuccessful. After 93, his suspicions grew stronger and his reign of terror reached its peak, with the execution of many of his close associates and influential people, and the banishment of philosophers such as Epictetus. Domitia, feeling threatened, conspired with her close associates to assassinate Domitian on September 18, 96. [Sohei Shima] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ローマ皇帝(在位81~96)。フラウィウス朝の創始者ウェスパシアヌス帝の息子。兄ティトゥス帝の死後に即位した。有能な政治家で軍人としても優秀であったが、反面専制的傾向が強く、85年以後終身ケンソルcensor perpetuusとなり、元老院を無視して独裁化を強め、さらに「主にして神」dominus et deusと称してユダヤ教徒やキリスト教徒などを迫害した。88年の上ゲルマニア総督サトゥルニヌスAntonius Saturninusの反乱以後、密告を奨励し、有力な元老院議員を次々と処刑して財産を没収した。対外政策では、アグリコラAgricolaによるブリタニア征服や、ゲルマニア・ダキア征服戦争などが行われたが、ダキア征服は成功しなかった。93年以後、彼の猜疑(さいぎ)心はますます強まって恐怖政治は頂点に達し、側近、有力者の処刑が相次ぎ、またエピクテトスなどの哲学者が追放された。身の危険を感じた妃ドミティアDomitiaが側近と謀り、96年9月18日、ドミティアヌスを暗殺した。 [島 創平] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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