A method of breeding by artificially inducing mutations. Mutations occur at a low frequency in nature, but the probability of occurrence is about 1 in 100,000 to 1 million per gene per generation, which is too low to be used for breeding purposes. The frequency of mutations increases depending on the radiation dose and exposure time, the concentration of the mutagen, and the treatment time. A large number of mutants are obtained and useful ones are selected. In addition to being used for crop breeding, it is also used to develop and improve microorganisms that produce useful substances such as antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin, and specific amino acids and proteins. (Kawaguchi Hiroaki, science journalist / Kikuchi Masako, science journalist / 2007) Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo |
人為的に突然変異を生じさせて品種改良する手法。突然変異は自然界でも低い頻度で生じるが、その発生確率は1遺伝子で1世代当たり、およそ10万〜100万分の1であり、品種改良のために利用するには発生頻度が低すぎる。突然変異の頻度は放射線の線量や照射時間、突然変異誘発剤の濃度や処理時間などに応じて増大する。多数の突然変異体を得て、有用なものを選別していく。作物の品種改良に利用されるだけでなく、ペニシリンやストレプトマイシンなどの抗生物質、特定のアミノ酸やたんぱく質などの有用物質を生産する微生物の開発や改良などにも利用されている。
(川口啓明 科学ジャーナリスト / 菊地昌子 科学ジャーナリスト / 2007年) 出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報 |
>>: Mutation - sudden mutation (English spelling)
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