Outer Castle System - Tojosei-do

Japanese: 外城制度 - とじょうせいど

The administrative system of the Kagoshima Domain. The outer castle (later Go) was a castle that guarded the lord's castle (Uchijo), and samurai who engaged in agriculture and were self-supporting were stationed there to guard against enemies and to govern the outer castle. The samurai who lived in the outer castle were called Tojo-shuchu and Tojo-shi, and were renamed Goshi after 1780. Although they were outer castles, they did not have castle walls, and each outer castle had a temporary lord's residence. The foothill settlements of the outer castle residence area were formed around them, and became the center of outer castle administration. The lords were divided into two groups: Kakemochi Jito (far-reaching lords) and Ijito (resident lords), and under the Atsukai (Tojo-shi elders), Kumicho, and Tokoro-san'yaku (three officials in the yakuza department), Goshi held many positions such as scribe, district patrol, construction patrol, tsutsumi patrol, gyoji, harbor yaku, and village headman. The number of outer castles remained constant at 113 after 1744, of which 21 were private lands that were granted to branches of the Shimazu family, and 92 were land stewards directly controlled by the domain. Other domains that had a system of outer castles included Higo Hitoyoshi Domain and Hyuga Sadowara Domain.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

鹿児島藩の行政制度。外城（のち郷）とは藩主の居城（内城）を外衛する城という意味で，農業に従事し自活する武士を配し外敵に備えるとともに外城の支配に当たらせた。外城に住む武士は外城衆中・外城士とよばれ，1780年以降郷士と改称された。外城とはいえ城郭はなく，各外城には地頭仮屋が設けられた。その周囲に外城士居住区の麓集落が形成され，外城行政の中心とした。地頭には掛持(かけもち)地頭（遥任）と居地頭(いじとう)（常駐）があり，【あつかい】（外城士年寄）・組頭・横目の所三役(ところさんやく)の下に書役・郡見廻・普請見廻・櫨楮見廻・行司・浦役・庄屋など多くの役職が郷士によって担われていた。外城数は1744年以降は113に一定し，うち島津宗家の支族に宛行(あておこな)われた私領21，藩直轄の地頭所92であった。外城とよばれる制度はほかに肥後人吉藩・日向佐土原藩などにもあった。

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