Eastern Conference - Touhoukaigi

Japanese: 東方会議 - とうほうかいぎ

(1) A conference held by Prime Minister Hara Takashi on May 16-17, 1921. Attendees included Cabinet members, Governor-General of Korea Saito Makoto, Director-General of the Kanto Agency Yamagata Isaburo, and Minister to China Obata Torikichi. Topics discussed included the withdrawal of troops from Shandong, the withdrawal of troops from Siberia, and limited assistance to Zhang Zuolin (a Cabinet decision made on the 17th). (2) A conference held by Prime Minister Tanaka Giichi, who also served as Foreign Minister, on June 27-July 7, 1927 to decide on China policy after the first Shandong expedition. Participants included Parliamentary Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs Mori Kei, as well as the directors of each bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the vice-ministers of the Army and Navy, the Director-General of the Kanto Agency, and the commander of the Kwantung Army. On the final day, Tanaka presented the "China Policy Principles," which outlined the basic principles of Tanaka diplomacy. The principles emphasized that military force could be used to protect interests in China, and that active action would be taken to protect interests in the Manchuria-Mongolia region in particular. At the conference, the idea of separating the region was also secretly discussed. After this conference, differences of opinion arose between the Consul General of Mukden, Shigeru Yoshida, the Japanese envoy to China, Kenkichi Yoshizawa, and the military attaché in Manchuria over the status of Manchuria and Mongolia. To resolve these differences, Mori traveled to Manchuria and a conference, which could be called the Second Eastern Conference, was held in Dalian (→Dalian Conference).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

(1) 1921年5月 16～17日，首相原敬によって開かれた会議。閣僚，斎藤実朝鮮総督，山県伊三郎関東庁長官，小幡酉吉駐華公使らが出席。山東撤兵，シベリア撤兵問題，張作霖の限定的援助 (同 17日の閣議決定) などが協議された。 (2) 1927年6月 27日～7月7日外相兼任の首相田中義一が，第1次山東出兵後対中国政策を決めるために開いた会議。森恪外務政務次官のほか，外務省各局長，陸海軍次官，関東庁長官，関東軍司令官らが参集。最終日田中は「対支政策綱領」を提示，いわゆる田中外交の基本方針が示された。綱領は対中国権益擁護のためには軍事力行使もありうること，特に満蒙地域の権益保持には積極的な行動をとる旨を強調。会議では同地域の分離構想もひそかに検討された。この会議ののち満蒙の位置づけについて奉天総領事吉田茂，駐華公使芳沢謙吉，在満陸軍武官の間に意見の相違があり，その調整をめぐり，森が渡満し第2次東方会議ともいうべき会議が大連で開かれた (→大連会議 ) 。

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