General Law - Ippanhogaku

Japanese: 一般法学 - いっぱんほうがく
General Law - Ippanhogaku

There are general nouns and proper nouns. General jurisprudence as a general noun, also known as jurisprudence, is an academic field that studies the general theory of positive law (concept of law, nature of law, structure of legal norms, definition of legal concepts, legal methodology, etc.), in contrast to positive jurisprudence that studies the law of a specific legal order (German law, Japanese law, etc.). Representative examples include German general jurisprudence, Austrian pure jurisprudence, and British analytical jurisprudence. General jurisprudence as a proper noun refers to the tendencies and achievements of German legal scholars who were engaged in systematizing such general jurisprudence from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. Representative scholars include Merkel, Bergbohm, Binding, and Bierling. Although they contributed greatly to the systematization of general theory, they were criticized by natural law theorists for their positivist bias, and by Kelsen and others for their theoretical inconsistency.

[Ryuichi Nagao]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

一般名詞と固有名詞とがある。一般名詞としての一般法学は、別名法理学ともよばれ、実定法の一般理論(法の概念、法の性格、法規範の構造、法的諸概念の定義、法学方法論など)を研究する学問分野で、特定の法秩序の法(ドイツ法、日本法など)を研究する実定法学と対比される。その代表的なものとしては、ドイツの一般法学、オーストリアの純粋法学、イギリスの分析法学などがある。固有名詞としての一般法学とは、19世紀後半より20世紀初頭にかけて、そのような一般法学の体系化に従事したドイツの法学者たちの傾向および業績をさす。その代表的学者としてメルケル、ベルクボーム、ビンディング、ビーアリングなどがあげられる。一般理論の体系化に寄与するところが大きかったが、自然法論者からはその実証主義的偏向が批判され、ケルゼンなどからはその理論的不徹底が批判された。

[長尾龍一]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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