Also called "dōnin-zashi," magazines are written, edited, and published by people with a common cause or purpose. They first appeared in the 18th and 19th centuries, when the public began to demand a forum for expressing their opinions, and are now published in countries around the world, including the UK and France. Many of the numerous little magazines that have appeared since the turn of the 20th century are coterie magazines, such as Sartre's Temps Moderne (first published in 1945) and P. Sollers' Tell Quel (52). In Japan, the first little magazine was Meiroku Zasshi (1874-75), published by Mori Arinori, Fukuzawa Yukichi, and other coterie members of the Meirokusha Society. As for literary magazines, the pioneer was Garakuta Bunko (1985-89) by Koyo Ozaki and other members of the Kenyusha Society, and as can be seen from examples such as Shirakaba (1910-1923) and Seito (1911-16), they have had a great influence on the trends in literature and opinion circles of each era. Publication of coterie magazines became popular from the end of the Taisho period, declined temporarily during World War II, but became active again after the war. However, many of them have the sole purpose of introducing unknown coterie magazines into journalism. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
「どうにんざっし」ともいう。共通の主張あるいは目的をもった人々によって執筆,編集,発行される雑誌。市民層のなかに言論発表の場が要求されるようになった 18~19世紀に初めて登場したもので,イギリス,フランスをはじめ世界の各国でその刊行がみられる。特に 20世紀に入ってから登場したおびただしい数のリトル・マガジンには,サルトルの『タン・モデルヌ』 (1945創刊) や P.ソレルスらの『テル・ケル』 (52) のように,同人雑誌が多い。日本では森有礼,福沢諭吉ら明六社同人による『明六雑誌』 (1874~75) を嚆矢とする。文芸誌としては尾崎紅葉ら硯友社同人による『我楽多文庫』 (85~89) を先駆とし,『白樺』 (1910~23) ,『青鞜』 (11~16) などの例にみられるとおり,各時代の文学,言論界の動向に大きな影響を与えている。同人雑誌の発行は大正末期から盛んになり,第2次世界大戦により一時衰えたが,戦後再び活発化している。しかしながら,単に無名の同人をジャーナリズムへ送り出すことのみを目的とするものが多くなっている。
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