Projection

Japanese: 投射 - とうしゃ(英語表記)projection
Projection
(1) In neurophysiology, the reception of each nerve impulse coming from a sensory organ or a lower center in a spatially separate area (projection area) in the cerebral cortex. (2) The phenomenon in which a stimulus is felt not to be present on the receptor surface of the sensory organ on which the stimulus energy is acting, but rather to be present at the location of an external object that is the source of the stimulus energy. This phenomenon usually occurs in the sense of sight and hearing, but not in the sense of touch. It is also called eccentric projection. (3) The tendency to assume that others have the same attitudes and emotions as oneself. It is often seen in children. It is also an unconscious mental function in which one attributes thoughts, emotions, and desires that one cannot accept to others when one has them. It is one of the defense mechanisms in psychoanalysis and a type of identification. (4) When perceiving a stimulus object, one's interests, desires, expectations, etc. cause perception to occur in a way that corresponds to the object. It is also called projection. The projection method in personality tests makes use of this function.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
(1) 神経生理学的には,感覚器官ないしは低次の中枢よりくるそれぞれの神経インパルスを大脳皮質において空間的に別々の領域 (投射領野) で受容すること。 (2) 刺激エネルギーが作用している感覚器官の受容面に当該刺激が存在すると感じられるのではなく,むしろその刺激エネルギーの発生源である外部の物体の位置にそれが存在するように感じられる現象のこと。通常,視覚,聴覚において生じるが,触覚では生じない。離心的投射ともいう。 (3) 他人も自分の態度,感情などと同じものをもつと決めてかかる傾向。子供によくみられる。また自分自身承認しがたい考え,感情や,満たしえない欲求をもっている場合に,それを他人に帰してしまうような無意識的な心の働きのこと。精神分析でいう防衛機制の一つで同一視の一つの型。 (4) 刺激対象を知覚する際に,個体の興味,欲求,期待などの影響を受けてそれにそうように知覚が生じること。投影ともいう。パーソナリティ検査における投影法はこの働きを利用したもの。

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