Parties lawsuit - Toujishasosho

It is a type of administrative litigation, a lawsuit regarding a public law dispute between equal parties (Article 4 of the Administrative Litigation Act), and is an intermediate lawsuit between an appeal lawsuit, which is a lawsuit regarding dissatisfaction with the exercise of public power, and a civil lawsuit regarding legal relations under private law. There are two types of party lawsuits. One is "a lawsuit regarding a disposition or ruling that confirms or creates a legal relationship between the parties, in which one of the parties to the legal relationship is made the defendant according to the provisions of the law." One example is a lawsuit regarding the amount of compensation for losses due to land expropriation, in which a developer and a landowner, etc., fight it out without making the land expropriation committee that made the expropriation ruling the defendant.

Another example is "lawsuits concerning legal relations under public law," which are said to include lawsuits for public servants' salaries, lawsuits for compensation for losses under public law, and lawsuits for confirmation of the status of public servants, assembly members, and national and public school students, but there is some dispute over this because the distinction between public law and private law is unclear. Also, since this is the same as civil lawsuits except for the investigation of evidence by official authority (Article 24 of the Administrative Case Litigation Act), there is little practical benefit in distinguishing it from civil lawsuits.

In a broader sense, it refers to involving opposing parties in litigation procedures and making a judgment based on the pursuit of their interests. In civil litigation, a party's own lawsuit is called a party lawsuit, as opposed to a party's own lawsuit, in which the party hires a lawyer as their litigation representative.

[Yasuhito Abe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

行政事件訴訟の一種で、対等当事者間の公法上の紛争に関する訴訟をいい（行政事件訴訟法4条）、公権力の行使に関する不服の訴訟である抗告訴訟と私法上の法律関係に関する民事訴訟との中間的訴訟である。当事者訴訟には二つの種類がある。その一つは「当事者間の法律関係を確認し又は形成する処分又は裁決に関する訴訟で法令の規定によりその法律関係の当事者の一方を被告とするもの」で、土地収用に基づく損失補償額についての不服を、収用裁決をした土地収用委員会を被告とすることなく、起業者と土地所有者などの間で争わしめるのが一例である。

　他の一例は「公法上の法律関係に関する訴訟」で、公務員の給与や公法上の損失補償請求訴訟、公務員・議員・国公立学生の地位確認訴訟などがこれに属するとされているが、公法と私法の区別が不明確であるため争いがある。また、それは職権証拠調べ（行政事件訴訟法24条）などを除き民事訴訟と同じであるので、民事訴訟と区別する実益はほとんどない。

　なお、広義では、対立当事者を訴訟手続に関与させ、その利益追行に基づいて裁判をすることをさす。また民事訴訟では、当事者が弁護士を訴訟代理人として依頼する弁護士訴訟に対し、自ら訴訟行為をする本人訴訟を当事者訴訟という。

［阿部泰隆］

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