Cotton Kingdom

Japanese: Cotton Kingdom（英語表記）CottonKingdom

...The area, which is centered on Mississippi and Alabama and stretches across Louisiana, Georgia, and South Carolina, has natural conditions suitable for cotton cultivation, such as sandy loam coastal plains, more than 200 frost-free days per year, and an annual rainfall of less than 250 mm during the autumn harvest season and more than 450 mm. In addition, using the abundant black slave labor force on plantations, it developed as a cotton-producing region from the early days of settlement, and with the help of E. Whitney's invention of the cotton gin, it was also called the "Cotton Kingdom" from 1830 to 1860. Through the Democratic Party, the Cotton Kingdom became a strong advocate of states' rights and low tariff policies, which came into conflict with the Northeast, which was undergoing industrialization. The friction between the two parties led to the Civil War, and the defeat of the South brought about the end of the Cotton Kingdom.

From the Abolition Movement

… In the United States, the northern states, whose industrial structure did not require large amounts of slave labor, abolished slavery state by state from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century. However, the southern states used slave labor to cultivate tobacco, cotton, rice, and other crops, and cotton in particular became the center of the American export industry after the invention of the cotton gin (1793), so much so that the South came to be called the "Cotton Kingdom," and the need for slaves only increased. The existence or nonexistence of slavery was left to the discretion of each state, leading to such disparities within the same country. …

*Some of the terms mentioned in "Cotton Kingdom" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ミシシッピ，アラバマ両州を中心にルイジアナ，ジョージア，サウス･カロライナの諸州にまたがる地帯は，綿花栽培に適した海岸平野の砂質ロームと年無霜日数200日以上，秋の収穫期の降水量250mm以下，年降水量450mm以上という自然条件を備えていた。さらに，プランテーションの豊富な黒人奴隷労働力を用い，開拓初期以来，綿花生産地域として発展，E.ホイットニーの綿繰機の発明も手伝って，1830‐60年には〈綿花王国Cotton Kingdom〉とも呼ばれた。綿花王国は民主党を通じて，州権論や低関税政策の強い主張者となり，工業化の進みつつあった東北部と対立，両者の軋轢（あつれき）は南北戦争をひきおこし，南部の敗北は綿花王国の終焉をもたらした。…

【奴隷廃止運動】より

…　アメリカにおいては，産業構造上大量の奴隷労働を必要としなかった北部諸州は18世紀末から19世紀初めにかけて州ごとに奴隷制を廃止していった。しかし，南部諸州ではタバコ，綿花，米などの栽培に奴隷労働を使い，ことに綿花は綿繰器の発明(1793)以来アメリカ輸出産業の中心となり，南部は〈綿花王国Cotton Kingdom〉と呼ばれるほどになったので，奴隷の必要性は高まるばかりであった。奴隷制の存否は各州の権限にゆだねられていたので，同じ国のなかでこのような差が生じることになった。…

※「Cotton Kingdom」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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