Floodlight - Floodlight (English spelling)

Japanese: 投光器 - とうこうき(英語表記)floodlight
Floodlight - Floodlight (English spelling)

A lighting fixture that combines a lamp with a reflector or lens to provide high luminous intensity in a certain direction. There are round and square floodlights based on their appearance. These two floodlights are available in narrow-angle, medium-angle, and wide-angle varieties depending on the spread of the light beam from the floodlight. Narrow-angle types have a narrow light emission angle and very high central luminous intensity, while wide-angle types have a wide emission angle and low central luminous intensity. Medium-angle types are intermediate between narrow-angle and wide-angle types. They are used depending on the purpose of the lighting location and the installation height.

Lighting using floodlights is called floodlighting, and is used for lighting baseball fields, tennis courts, school grounds and other athletic fields, building exteriors, landscape lighting, outdoor workshops, stations and port yards, high-ceilinged heavy machinery factories, etc. Because they are used for such a wide variety of purposes, they are usually designed to be pointed in any direction, and most of them have a sealed structure to prevent the inside of the fixture from becoming dirty with dust.

Floodlight reflectors are made by electrolytically polishing high-purity aluminum plates and then coating them by anodizing to achieve high reflectivity and protect the surface, but recent advances in surface treatment technology have led to the deposition of ultra-high-purity aluminum onto an aluminum substrate, with a protective coating of quartz glass or special resin. These have a reflectivity 7-10% higher than electrolytically polished reflectors. The front glass may be formed into a lens, but most are transparent tempered glass. In some cases, diffusing tempered glass is used to diffuse the light. Incandescent bulbs and high-pressure mercury lamps were once used for the lamps, but in recent years, more efficient metal halide lamps and high-pressure sodium lamps have become more common, making them more economical and energy-efficient.

In Japan, to save electricity and improve color rendering, a mixed lighting technique is sometimes used in which floodlights using metal halide lamps and high-pressure sodium lamps are turned on together to create a uniform blend of light colors. In the scenic lighting of bridges and high-rise buildings, floodlights with different light colors are switched on and off depending on the time of day or season, informing viewers of the change in time or season. In preparation for the 2002 FIFA World Cup (Korea/Japan), soccer stadiums were built all over the country. Taking into consideration color television broadcasting, many high-output metal halide floodlights that emit very white light with an average color rendering index of 90 or more and a color temperature of 6500K were used there.

[Takahashi Sadao]

[Reference items] | Lighting equipment | Sodium lamps | Metal halide lamps

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ランプに反射鏡またはレンズを組み合わせて、ある範囲の方向に高い光度が得られるようにした照明器具。外観から丸形と角形の投光器とがある。これら二つの投光器には、投光器からの光ビームの広がりに応じて、狭角形、中角形、および広角形などの種類がある。狭角形は光の出射角度が狭く、非常に高い中心光度をもち、逆に広角形は出射角度が広く中心光度が低い。中角形は狭角形と広角形の中間である。これらは照明場所の目的と取り付け高さにより使い分けられる。

 投光器による照明を投光照明といい、野球場やテニスコート、学校グラウンドをはじめ各種競技場、建物の外構、景観照明、屋外作業場、駅や港湾のヤード、高天井の重機械工場などの照明に使用される。このように種々の用途に用いられるため、通常任意の方向に向けられるようになっており、器具の内部がほこりなどで汚れないように密閉形構造のものが多い。

 投光器の反射鏡は、高反射率と表面の保護のために、高純度のアルミニウム板を電解研摩し、のち陽極酸化によって被膜処理されるが、最近では表面処理技術の進歩により、アルミニウム基板の上に超高純度のアルミニウムを蒸着し、保護膜として石英ガラスまたは特殊樹脂をコーティングしたものがある。これらは電解研摩の反射鏡に比べ反射率が7~10%高い。前面ガラスはレンズを形成する場合もあるが、多くは透明の強化ガラスである。光を拡散させるために拡散性の強化ガラスを用いる場合もある。ランプは、かつて白熱電球や高圧水銀ランプを使っていたが、最近では効率の高いメタルハライドランプや高圧ナトリウムランプが多くなり、経済的でかつ省電力が図られるようになっている。

 日本では省電力と演色性向上の点から、メタルハライドランプと高圧ナトリウムランプを用いた投光器をいっしょに点灯して、光色が一様に交じり合うようにする混光照明手法が行われることがある。橋や高層ビルの景観照明では、時刻や季節によって光色の異なる投光器の点灯を切り換えて、見る人に時刻や季節の移ろいを告げるような照明手法もある。2002年サッカーのワールドカップ(韓国・日本大会)開催にあわせて各地にサッカー場が建設された。そこにはカラーテレビ放送を考慮して平均演色評価数90以上で色温度6500Kの非常に白い光の高出力メタルハライドランプ投光器が多数用いられた。

[高橋貞雄]

[参照項目] | 照明器具 | ナトリウムランプ | メタルハライドランプ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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