It means "what ought to be" or "what one should do," and is considered an ethical concept. Its ultimate goal is the goal that humans should reach, and therefore it has been the highest research topic for philosophers. Kant understood the unconditional ought to be in the form of a categorical imperative, and thought that all moral values originate only from it. He said that a conditional ought is a false ought, and actually belongs to the natural world where things "must be." Kant placed ought in the world of wisdom, which is separate from the world of phenomena, and established a free practical world, but later, the Neo-Kantian school expanded ought to include theoretical knowledge and the world of beauty, reconstructing it from a mere ethical concept into a more comprehensive concept. On the other hand, there is also a position within modern ethics that rejects the universality of ought, regarding it as merely an emotional expression of approval, and this issue is beginning to show even more complicated developments. [Takemura Yasuo] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
「あるべきこと」「まさに為(な)すべきこと」をいい、倫理的な概念とされる。その究極的なものは人間の到達すべき目標であり、したがって哲学者の最高の探究課題であり続けた。カントは無条件的な当為を定言的命令という形でとらえ、すべての道徳的価値はこれにのみ由来すると考えた。条件付きの当為はにせの当為であって、実は「そうあらざるをえぬ」自然的世界に属する、というのである。カントは当為を現象界とは別の叡智(えいち)界に属さしめ、自由な実践的世界を樹立するが、のち新カント学派は、当為を理論的認識や美の世界にまで広げて、単なる倫理的概念からより包括的な概念へと構成し直した。反対にまた現代倫理学のなかには、当為を、是認の単なる感情表出にすぎないとして、その普遍性を拒否する立場も生じてきており、この問題は、いっそう複雑な展開をみせ始めている。 [武村泰男] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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