New Order in East Asia

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japan advocated a self-sufficient bloc centered on Japan, Manchuria, and China. Its basis was the "Statement for the Construction of a New Order in East Asia" issued by the first Konoe Fumimaro Cabinet on November 3, 1938 (Showa 13) in order to bring an end to the protracted Second Sino-Japanese War. The foundation of the new order was the establishment of mutual assistance between Japan, Manchuria, and China in areas such as politics, economy, and culture, but it also justified Japan's invasion and domination of Asian peoples. Since then, it has been expanded in line with Japan's active advance into the south, and in the "Outline of Basic National Policies" announced by the second Konoe Cabinet in July 1940, it was expanded to include the claim of a new economic order in Greater East Asia and a Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, which called for the establishment of a self-sufficient system centered on Japan, Manchuria, and China and encompassing the South Seas region, based on the spirit of Hakko Ichiu (All the World in One Place).

[Hideo Kobayashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

日中戦争下に日本が唱えた日・満・華を軸とした自給的ブロック。その基本は、長期化する日中戦争を収拾するために第一次近衛文麿(このえふみまろ)内閣が1938年（昭和13）11月3日に発表した「東亜新秩序建設声明」にある。政治・経済・文化などにわたる日・満・華の互助連関の樹立を新秩序の根幹としたが、日本のアジア諸民族への侵略、支配を正当化するものであった。以後、南方進出の積極化に伴って拡大され、40年7月に第二次近衛内閣が発表した「基本国策要綱」に至っては、八紘一宇(はっこういちう)の精神に基づき、日・満・華を中心に南洋地域を包含した自給自足体制の確立という大東亜新経済秩序、大東亜共栄圏の主張にまで拡大された。

［小林英夫］

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