Tennojiya Gohei - Tennojiya Gohei

Japanese: 天王寺屋五兵衛 - てんのうじや・ごへえ

Year of death: December 1, 7th year of Genroku (January 15th, 1695)
Year of birth: 12th July 1623 (8th August 1623)
The founder of the Osaka money exchange business in the early Edo period. His family name was Omayu. The family originated from Toori Ono Village, Sumiyoshi County, Settsu Province (Toori Ono Town, Sumiyoshi Ward, Osaka City). The father of the first Gobei (Buddhist name Mitsushige), Yoshiemon (Hidetsuna), is said to be the founder of the Omayu family, and moved to Imabashi, Osaka, where he took the trade name Tennojiya. He opened a money exchange shop in 1628 (Kan'ei 5), and in 1670 (Kanbun 10), he was appointed by the Osaka town magistrate as one of the Ten Money Exchangers who oversaw the Osaka money exchange business. The first Gobei created the first system of bills of exchange, contributing to the establishment of a credit system. He also became the brewer and manager of the Osaka storehouses of various feudal domains, and played a major role in the development of commodity trading organizations. Later, he also handled the collection of official funds from the shogunate and the issuance of bonds by various feudal domains for daimyo loans, and grew to be a central player in the Osaka financial market, known as the "kitchen of the world." During the Meiji Restoration, the family was unable to achieve results in modernizing management and disappeared from the stage of history. The Omae family temple is located at Kuhonji Temple (Tanimachi 8-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka City).

(Yotaro Sakudo)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：元禄7.12.1(1695.1.15)
生年：元和9.7.12(1623.8.8)
江戸前期の大坂両替商の創始者。姓は大眉家。同家は摂津国住吉郡遠里小野村(大阪市住吉区遠里小野町)の出身。初代五兵衛(法名光重)の父吉右衛門(秀綱)は大眉家の元祖と呼ばれ,大坂今橋に移り住み,天王寺屋の屋号を称した。寛永5(1628)年に両替店を開き,寛文10(1670)年には大坂町奉行により大坂両替屋仲間を統轄する十人両替のひとりに任命された。初代五兵衛は初めて手形の制度を創出して信用機構の確立に貢献した。諸藩の大坂蔵屋敷の蔵元や掛屋にもなり,商品取引組織の発達にも大きな役割を果たした。のちに幕府の御用金の徴募や,諸藩による大名貸の起債などにも対応し,「天下の台所」と呼ばれた大坂金融市場の中心的な担い手に成長した。明治維新のとき,経営近代化に成果を上げることができず,歴史の舞台から姿を消した。大眉家の菩提寺は久本寺(大阪市中央区谷町8丁目)にある。

(作道洋太郎)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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