…The first transatlantic crossing by steamship was in 1819 by the Savannah, equipped with a 90 horsepower steam engine, and took 27 days and 11 hours, but it is said that only 1/8 of the journey was steam powered, with the rest being sailing. The first steamships to cross the Atlantic solely by steam were the British steamships Sirius (703 gross tons, 320 horsepower) and Great Western (1,321 gross tons, 750 horsepower) in 1838, which crossed the Atlantic on the same day, the former arriving in New York four hours earlier. However, the former took 19 and a half days, while the latter took 15 and a half days. … From [Passenger Ship]…Steam engines came to replace sailing ships for propulsion, and in the 20th century, they gave way to steam turbines, and then diesel engines. The use of steam engines made it possible to operate ships on regular schedules, which had previously been heavily dependent on the weather. In 1838, the term "Atlantic liner" was first used for the Sirius (England, built in 1838, 703 gross tons, 8.5 knots), the first ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean using steam power alone. The propulsion system also changed from the original paddlewheel to a screw propeller, and the success of the Great Britain (England) confirmed this trend. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Sirius (cruise ship)" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…蒸気船による最初の大西洋横断は,1819年,90馬力の蒸気機関を積んだサバンナ号によるもので,27日と11時間かかっているが,全航程中,蒸気力で走ったのは1/8で,後は帆走であったとされている。蒸気力だけで大西洋を横断したのは38年のイギリスの蒸気船シリウス号Sirius(703総トン,320馬力)とグレート・ウェスタン号(1321総トン,750馬力)で,同じ日であり,前者のニューヨーク到着が4時間早かった。しかし,所要日数は前者が19日半かかったのに対し後者は15日半で横断している。… 【客船】より…帆船にかわり蒸気機関が推進に用いられるようになり,それも初期の往復動機関から20世紀に入ると蒸気タービンへとかわり,さらにディーゼルエンジンも使われるようになった。蒸気機関の利用は天候に大きく支配されていた船の運航の定期化を可能とし,1838年大西洋を汽力だけで初めて横断したシリウス号Sirius(イギリス,1838建造,703総トン,8.5ノット)に大西洋定期船の名称が初めて使われた。推進器も初めの外車にかわり,スクリュープロペラが使われるようになり,グレート・ブリテン号(イギリス)の成功によりその傾向が決定づけられた。… ※「Sirius(客船)」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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