This refers to the process of applying a finely focused electron beam to a material, heating the irradiated area locally, and performing processing such as welding or cutting. When an electron beam is applied to a material, most of the energy is converted into heat. Moreover, because the beam can be focused finely using an electron lens, a large power density can be obtained locally, sometimes reaching 6000°C. Electron beams with an accelerating voltage of tens of thousands to 150,000 volts are usually used. In order to use an electron beam, the object to be processed must be placed in a vacuum. This makes it difficult to work with, but on the other hand, it has the advantage of being less prone to oxidation and dirt. The devices that are actually used include electron beam welding machines, electron beam processing machines, electron beam evaporation devices, and electron beam lithography devices. Among them, electron beam welding machines are widely used for precision welding that can be used for high melting point metals and active metals. The device consists of an electron lens that narrows the electron beam generated by the electron gun, and a deflection coil that deflects it to the desired position and hits the workpiece. The workpiece is placed on a movable driving table. These are usually done in a vacuum evacuated space, but to increase productivity, devices that place the workpiece outside the vacuum have also been developed. In this case, the electron beam is taken out into the atmosphere through a small orifice (hole), and the welding is done there. The principle of the electron beam processing machine is almost the same as that of a welding machine. By applying the electron beam, it is locally heated and evaporated. Taking advantage of the characteristic that the electron beam can be narrowed, it is used for drilling fine holes and cutting grooves. Usually, holes and grooves of about tens of micrometers are processed. Electron beam lithography devices are used to draw fine patterns for semiconductor integrated circuits. For details, see the electron beam lithography entry. [Akira Tonomura] "Electron and Ion Beam Handbook, 2nd Edition, edited by the 132nd Committee of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (1986, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun)" ▽ "Vacuum Technology in Micro- and Nano-Electron Beam Devices, by Nagamitsu Yoshimura and Tatsuo Okano (2003, NTS)" [Reference] | |©Shogakukan "> Structure of an electron beam welder Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
細く絞った電子ビームを物質に当て、照射部分を局所的に加熱し、溶接・切断などの加工をすることをいう。電子ビームを物質に当てると、そのエネルギーのほとんどは熱に変換される。しかも電子レンズを使って小さく絞ることができるため、局所的に大きなパワー密度が得られ、ときには6000℃にも達する。通常は数万ボルトから15万ボルトの加速電圧の電子ビームが使われている。電子ビームを使うために、加工を行う対象物は真空中に入れる必要がある。このため作業性が悪くなるが、その反面、酸化や汚れが少ないという利点がある。 実際に使われている装置としては、電子ビーム溶接機、電子ビーム加工機、電子ビーム蒸着装置、電子線描画装置などがある。なかでも電子ビーム溶接機は高融点金属、活性金属にも利用できる精密溶接用として広く用いられている。装置は、電子銃で発生した電子ビームを細く絞る電子レンズの部分と、偏向コイルで任意の位置に偏向して被溶接物に当てる部分からなる。被溶接物は移動できる駆動テーブルの上に置かれている。これらは通常真空に排気された空間で行われるが、生産性を高めるために被溶接物を真空外に置く装置も開発されている。この場合、電子ビームは小さなオリフィス(穴)を通して大気中に取り出され、そこで溶接が行われる。電子ビーム加工機の原理は溶接機とほぼ同じである。電子ビームを当てることによって局所的に高温にして、蒸発させる。電子ビームが小さく絞れる特徴を生かして、微細な穴あけや溝切りなどに利用されている。通常数十マイクロメートル程度の穴や溝の加工が行われる。電子線描画装置は、半導体集積回路用の細かいパターンを描くために用いられる。詳細は電子線リソグラフィーの項目を参照されたい。 [外村 彰] 『日本学術振興会第132委員会編『電子・イオンビームハンドブック』第2版(1986・日刊工業新聞社)』▽『吉村長光・岡野達雄著『マイクロ・ナノ電子ビーム装置における真空技術』(2003・エヌ・ティー・エス)』 [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> 電子ビーム溶接機の構造 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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