Seal - Rakkan

Japanese: 落款 - らっかん
Seal - Rakkan

Abbreviation of "rakuseikanshiki." This refers to the signature and seal that an artist affixes to a work of calligraphy or painting in Japan or the East when it is completed. The artist's name, pen name, rank, or the date of production is written and stamped at the end of the calligraphy or in the gaps in the screen. When there are poems (praises), postscripts, or notes that describe the process of the calligraphy that led to the painting, these may also be included in the term. It is also one of the standards for estimating the authenticity and date of production of a work. The signature is usually placed at the end of the scroll or in the gaps in the screen, but in the case of a pair of scrolls or a folding screen, it is common to place the signature in a symmetrical position. Also, when it is embarrassing to have the seal stand out too much, it may be placed within the wrinkles of the leaves, rocks, or clay in the painting. This is called a "hidden seal" and is sometimes seen in Chinese Song and Yuan paintings.

[Satoru Sakakibara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

「落成款識(らくせいかんしき)」の略語。日本・東洋の書画で、完成の際、筆者が作品に施す署名捺印(なついん)のこと。書の末尾や画面の空隙(くうげき)などに姓名、雅号(がごう)、位階、あるいは制作年月日を記し、印を押す。絵画の内容に関連した詩文(讃語(さんご))や跋語(ばつご)、揮毫(きごう)に至った経緯を記した識語などがある場合には、これをも含めていうことがある。その作品の真贋(しんがん)や制作年代の推定をするうえで一つの基準ともなるものである。落款を入れる位置は、通常は巻末や画面の空隙などであるが、対幅や屏風(びょうぶ)では、それぞれ対称的な位置に入れるのが普通である。また落款があまり目だつことがはばかられる場合には、画面に描かれた樹葉や岩石、土坡(どは)の皴(しゅん)の中に入れることもある。これを「隠し落款」といい、中国の宋元(そうげん)画などにはときにみられる。

[榊原 悟]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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