Among detonators, a type of pyrotechnic device in which an ignition charge, primary explosive, charge, and other charges are packed in a tube to detonate gunpowder or explosives, this refers to a device that incorporates an electrical ignition device. The basic type is an instantaneous detonator. When a current of about 2 amperes is passed from the blasting device through the leg wire, the platinum wire is heated and the ignition charge is ignited. This heat causes the primary explosive to explode, detonating the base charge, and the detonation shock and the high-temperature, high-pressure Neumann jet generated from the bottom of the tube detonate explosives such as dynamite. In modern blasting techniques such as tunnel excavation blasting and bench blasting, delayed detonators are used to improve the accuracy and efficiency of blasting. The structure of a delayed detonator is such that a delay agent is placed between the ignition charge and the primary explosive of the instantaneous detonator, creating a time delay between the ignition of the ignition charge and the explosion of the primary explosive. Depending on whether the delay time interval is 0.25 seconds or 0.025 seconds, they are divided into DS (decisecond, one-tenth of a second) delay electric detonators and MS (millisecond, one-thousandth of a second) delay electric detonators. In addition, there are electric detonators for seismic exploration that have particularly good instantaneous detonation. In addition, static-resistant detonators that are less likely to explode accidentally due to static electricity are now being used in blasting that uses ammonium nitrate oil explosives. [Tadao Yoshida and Shingo Date] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
火薬または爆薬を起爆させるために点火薬または起爆薬、装填(そうてん)薬その他を管体に詰めた火工品の一種である雷管のうち、電気的に点火させる装置を内蔵したものをいう。基本的なものは瞬発電気雷管である。発破(はっぱ)器から脚線を通して2アンペア程度の電流を通ずると、白金線が加熱されて点火薬が発火する。この熱で起爆薬が爆発し添装薬を爆発させ、その爆轟(ばくごう)衝撃および管体底から発生する高温高圧のノイマンジェットによってダイナマイトなどの爆薬を起爆する。トンネル掘進発破やベンチ発破のような近代的な発破技術では、発破の精度や効率をあげるために、段発電気雷管が用いられている。段発電気雷管の構造は、瞬発電気雷管の点火薬と起爆薬との間に延時薬を挟んで、点火薬の発火から起爆薬の爆発までに時間遅れをもたせたものである。遅れ時間間隔が0.25秒か0.025秒かによってDS(デシセコンドdecisecond=デシ秒、10分の1秒)段発電気雷管とMS(ミリセコンドmillisecond=ミリ秒、1000分の1秒)段発電気雷管に分かれている。そのほか、瞬発性のとくによい地震探鉱用電気雷管がある。また、静電気によって暴発しにくい耐静電気雷管も硝安油剤爆薬を用いる発破で使用されるようになってきた。 [吉田忠雄・伊達新吾] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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