Turpentine oil

Japanese: テレビン油 - てれびんゆ(英語表記)turpentine oil
Turpentine oil

An essential oil obtained from various pine plants. It is also called turpentine. The raw pine resin from pine plants is called turpentine, and its composition is 85% rosin and 15% turpentine oil. When it is steam distilled, turpentine oil is obtained with an oil yield of about 20%, and the distillation residue is rosin, gum rosin or colophony. It is mainly produced in North America, but in recent years, production in China has increased rapidly. It is also produced in France, Greece, Russia, Spain, Portugal and India, and the annual world production has reached 1 to 1.5 million tons of pine resin and 200,000 tons of turpentine, making it the largest production of any essential oil. The composition varies depending on the type of pine, but American turpentine oil is 50 to 60% α-pinene and 25 to 35% β-pinene. Turpentine has no direct use as a fragrance, but it is important as a raw material for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, paints, and foaming agents for mineral processing, and as a raw material for the synthesis of synthetic borneol, camphor, terpineol, etc. It is also used as a painting solution for oil paintings. In recent years, the technology for isomerizing α-pinene to β-pinene has been established, and linalool, geraniol, nerol, citral, citronellal, menthol, etc. have been successfully synthesized using β-pinene as a starting material, and large-scale production is being carried out. Pinene is an important raw material for the manufacture of synthetic fragrances that compete with acetylene and isoprene, and various synthetic fragrances manufactured from turpentine have become established in the world market.

[Kikumasa Sato]

[Reference] | Pinene

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

種々のマツ科植物から得られる精油。テレピン油ともいう。マツ科植物の生松脂(まつやに)はターペンタインといい、組成は85%の松脂rosinと15%のテレビン油である。これを水蒸気蒸留すると収油率約20%でテレビン油が得られ、蒸留残渣(ざんさ)はロジン、ガムロジンまたはコロホニイである。主産地は北アメリカであるが、近年は中国産が急増、そのほか、フランス、ギリシア、ロシア、スペイン、ポルトガル、インドにも産し、世界の年産額は松脂100万~150万トン、テレビン油20万トンに達したこともあり、精油のなかで最大の生産量を示している。組成はマツの種類によって異なるが、アメリカ産テレビン油はα‐ピネン50~60%、β‐ピネン25~35%である。テレビン油は香料としての直接の用途はないが、医薬品、塗料、選鉱用起泡剤などの製造原料、合成竜脳・樟脳(しょうのう)、テルピネオールなどの合成原料として重要である。また、油絵の画溶液としても使われる。近年、α‐ピネンをβ‐ピネンに異性化する技術が確立され、β‐ピネンを出発原料として、リナロール、ゲラニオール、ネロール、シトラール、シトロネラール、メントールなどの合成に成功し、大規模な生産が行われている。ピネンはアセチレンやイソプレンと対抗する重要な合成香料の製造原料であり、テレビン油から製造される各種合成香料は世界市場に定着するに至っている。

[佐藤菊正]

[参照項目] | ピネン

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