Duhem, Pierre Maurice Marie

Japanese: デュエム(英語表記)Duhem, Pierre Maurice Marie
Duhem, Pierre Maurice Marie
Born: June 10, 1861 in Paris
[Died] September 14, 1916. Cabrespine French theoretical physicist, philosopher, and historian of science. Graduated from the École Normale Supérieure (Higher Normal School) in 1882. After working as a lecturer in Lille in 1887 and Rennes in 1893, he became a professor of physics at the University of Bordeaux in 1895. As a theoretical physicist, he was an authority on thermodynamics. He emphasized the importance of philosophy of science, stating that scientific theories use empiricism based on observation to symbolize the relationships between phenomena, but that only metaphysics can grasp reality. He devoted his energy to the history of science, believing that a historical understanding of the problem in question is essential, and left a major mark, especially in elucidating the history of medieval science in relation to the history of philosophy. He was also famous as a researcher of Leonardo da Vinci. His major works include "Studies on Leonardo da Vinci" (3 volumes, 1903), "Theory of Physics" (06), and "The System of the World" (8 volumes, 13-58).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1861.6.10. パリ
[没]1916.9.14. カブルスピーヌ
フランスの理論物理学者,哲学者,科学史家。 1882年エコール・ノルマル・シュペリュール (高等師範学校) を卒業。 87年リール,93年レンヌの講師を経て,95年ボルドー大学物理学教授。理論物理学者としては熱力学の権威。科学理論は観察に基づく実証主義によって現象間の関係を記号化するが,実在をとらえることは形而上学にのみ可能であるとして,科学哲学の重要性を強調する。その際,当の問題についての歴史的理解が本質的に重要であるとして科学史に精力を注ぎ,なかんずく中世科学史を哲学史との関連において解明,大きな足跡を残した。レオナルド・ダ・ビンチの研究家としても著名。主著『レオナルド・ダ・ビンチ研究』 Etude sur Léonard de Vinci (3巻,1903) ,『物理学理論』 La Théorie physique: son objet sa structure (06) ,『世界の体系』 Le Système du monde (8巻,13~58) 。

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