American physicist. Born in Illinois. After enrolling at the University of Chicago, he earned a Bachelor of Science degree at his alma mater in 1908 and a doctorate at Princeton in 1911 while working as an assistant professor at Purdue University, a part-time lecturer at Princeton University, and assistant to O. W. Richardson for financial reasons. He then became an assistant professor of physics at the Carnegie Institution for Science, and in 1917 joined the Western Electric Company Laboratory (later Bell Labs) Engineering Department for military research on telecommunications. After World War I, he remained at the institute and engaged in basic research on thermionics and electron emission from metals. Since 1924, in collaboration with Lester H. Germer (1896-1971), he conducted a series of experimental studies on electron emission and scattering, and in 1927 discovered the diffraction of electron beams by nickel crystals, proving the wave nature of electrons. In 1937, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics along with G. P. Thomson, who had achieved similar results. After that, he continued to study electron optics and crystal physics, while also contributing to the development of the electron microscope. In 1946 he left Bell Labs to become a visiting professor at the University of Virginia. [Tomohiro Hyodo September 19, 2018] [References] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの物理学者。イリノイ州の出身。シカゴ大学に入学後、経済的理由からパーデュ大学助手、プリンストン大学非常勤講師、O・W・リチャードソンの助手として生計をたてるかたわら、1908年母校で理学士を修め、1911年プリンストンで学位を取得した。その後カーネギー研究所物理学助教授を経て、1917年ウェスタン・エレクトリック・カンパニー研究所(後のベル研究所)工学部門の遠隔通信の軍事研究に参加した。第一次世界大戦後も研究所に残り、熱イオン学および金属の電子放出の基礎研究に従事した。1924年以来ガーマーLester H. Germer(1896―1971)と共同して、一連の電子の放出と散乱の実験的研究を行い、1927年ニッケル結晶による電子線の回折を発見、電子の波動性を実証した。1937年、同様の成果をあげたG・P・トムソンとともにノーベル物理学賞を受けた。その後、引き続き電子光学と結晶物理学の研究をする一方、電子顕微鏡の開発に尽くした。1946年ベル研究所を辞め、バージニア大学客員教授に就任した。 [兵藤友博 2018年9月19日] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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