Desai, Morarji Ranchhodji

Japanese: デサイ（英語表記）Desai， Morarji Ranchhodji

[Born] February 29, 1896, Baderli
Died: April 10, 1995. Bombay. Indian politician. Born in a village in Gujarat, he graduated from Bombay University and became a civil servant in Bombay State in 1918. In 1930, he joined Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Opportunity Movement and became a powerful figure in the Indian National Congress in Bombay State. In 1952, he became the Chief Minister of Bombay State, and in 1956, he moved to the center and became Minister of Commerce and Industry, and in 1958, Minister of Finance. After the death of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964, he competed with Lal Bahadur Shastri for the prime ministerial post, and after Shastri's death in 1966, he competed with Indira Gandhi for the prime ministerial post, but lost both times. He served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance in the Gandhi Cabinet from 1967 to 1969, but was dismissed as Minister of Finance due to internal conflicts within the Congress Party. After November 1969, he became the leader of the right wing of the Congress Party and became the center of the anti-Gandhi movement. In April 1975, he formed a state government in Gujarat with a coalition of opposition parties, but was arrested when the state of emergency was declared in June. He was released in January 1977, and in the general election in March, he led the opposition coalition's BJP, which won a landslide victory, becoming the first prime minister from outside the Congress Party. However, the BJP later split up, and in July 1979, he resigned as prime minister and left politics. He was known for his asceticism.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1896.2.29. バデリ
[没]1995.4.10. ボンベイ
インドの政治家。グジャラート州の村に生まれ，ボンベイ大学卒業後，1918年ボンベイ州の官吏となった。 1930年マハトマ・ガンジーの不服従運動に加わり，ボンベイ州のインド国民会議派の実力者となった。 1952年ボンベイ州首相，1956年中央に出て商工大臣，1958年大蔵大臣となった。 1964年ジャワハルラル・ネルーの死後ラル・バハドゥール・シャストリと首班を争い，1966年のシャストリ死後はインディラ・ガンジーと首班を争ったが，いずれも敗れた。 1967～69年ガンジー内閣の副首相兼蔵相を務めたが，国民会議派の内紛から蔵相を解任され，1969年 11月以降国民会議派右派の領袖として，反ガンジー運動の中心となった。 1975年4月グジャラート州で野党連合による州政府を成立させたが，6月の非常事態宣言で逮捕された。 1977年1月に釈放され，3月の総選挙で諸野党結集の人民党総裁として圧勝，国民会議派以外からの初の首相となった。しかし，その後人民党は分裂，1979年7月首相を辞任し，政界を去った。禁欲主義で有名であった。

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