Pass - I

Japanese: 渡し - わたし

Crossing a river or sea, or a place where one can cross. Depending on the method of crossing, there are foot crossings, boat crossings, tightrope walking, palanquin crossings, etc. Originally, people crossed on foot in shallow water, but after the Taika Reforms (645), it was decided that boats and boatmen should be placed in places where it was difficult to cross on foot. In the Edo period, the shogunate further improved the ferry system, designating regular boat piers, giving notices to regular ferries, and stipulating the payment of ferry money and boatmen, but this systemization also served the purpose of security. (→ Kawagoe )

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

川や海を渡過すること，または渡過する場所。渡過の方法によって徒 (かち) 渡り，船渡り，綱渡り，駕籠渡りなどがある。元来は浅瀬を歩く徒渡りであったが，大化改新 (645) 以来，徒渡りの困難な場所には船と船子をおくことを定めた。江戸時代になって，幕府がさらに渡しの制度を整備し，定 (じょう) 船場を指定し，定渡船には高札を与え，渡銭や渡子についても規定したが，この制度化は警備の目的も兼ねるものであった。 (→川越 )

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