Also called (α1→6) glucan. A viscous glucan consisting mainly of (α1→6) bonds produced from sucrose by lactic acid bacteria such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides and L. dextranicum . The molecular structure differs depending on the producing strain and is highly heterogeneous, but the term refers to glucan with 65% or more (α1→6) bonds. The average molecular weight is at least 4 x 10 6 . +180 to +210° (water). It has α- D -1,4-, α- D -1,3-, and α- D -1,2- bonds in its branched chains, but α- D -1,3- bonds predominate. Dextran partially hydrolyzed with dilute acid to an average molecular weight of 75,000 to 100,000 is used as a plasma substitute for blood transfusions, is added to malt during brewing to improve foam retention, and is used to maintain the viscosity of ice cream and other foods. Furthermore, dextran with a molecular weight of 2000-4000 partially sulfated to a molecular weight of about 6500 is called dextran sulfate, which exhibits anticoagulant and anti-dietary lipid-clearing effects and is used as an oral arteriosclerosis treatment. In addition, dextran with various molecular weights is crosslinked with epichlorohydrin to make it insoluble and used as a biochemical gel filtration agent (carrier for affinity chromatography) under the name Sephadex. LD 50 10700 mg/kg (rat, subcutaneous). [CAS 9004-54-0] Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
(α1→6)グルカンともいう.乳酸菌Leuconostoc mesenteroidesやL. dextranicumなどによって,スクロースから生成する(α1→6)結合を主体とする粘質性のグルカン.分子構造は生産菌株によって異なり不均性が高いが,65% 以上の(α1→6)結合をもつものをいう.平均分子量は少なくとも4×106.+180~+210°(水).α-D-1,4-,α-D-1,3-,α-D-1,2-結合を分岐鎖にもつが,α-D-1,3-結合が多い.デキストランを希酸で部分分解し,平均分子量7.5万~10万としたものは代用血漿として輸血に用いられるほか,ビールの醸造の際に,麦芽に添加して泡持ちをよくしたり,アイスクリーム,そのほかの食品の粘性保持のために用いられる.また,分子量2000~4000のデキストランを部分的に硫酸エステル化して分子量6500程度にしたものは,デキストラン硫酸(dextran sulfate)とよばれ,血液凝固阻止作用,抗食餌性脂血症の清澄作用を示し,経口的動脈硬化治療剤として使われている.そのほか,種々の分子量のものをエピクロロヒドリンで架橋して不溶化したものが,セファデックスの名称で生化学的ゲル濾過剤(アフィニティークロマトグラフィーの担体)として用いられる.LD50 10700 mg/kg(ラット,皮下).[CAS 9004-54-0] 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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