Shareholder limited liability system

Japanese: 株主有限責任制 - かぶぬしゆうげんせきにんせい
Shareholder limited liability system

...Thirdly, the criteria for a business suitable for a company are that it can be operated without a monopoly, that the business's activities are routine and regular, that it is more socially useful than general commerce and industry, and that it requires a large amount of capital that an individual or partnership could not raise.Examples of businesses that meet these criteria are banking, insurance, water supply, and canals.
[Establishment of the rule-based system and limited shareholder liability system]
As the Industrial Revolution began, businesses began to require large amounts of capital that could not be raised by individual companies or partnerships. The recognition that a joint-stock company was the most effective and appropriate form of business for raising large amounts of capital and managing it rationally spread. At the same time, the investment class, which sought to manage assets safely and profitably, grew.

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "shareholder limited liability system" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…第3に,会社企業に適した事業の条件として,独占権なしに経営が可能であること,事業内容が日常的・規則的であること,一般の商工業よりも社会的により有用であること,個人やパートナーシップでは集められないほど多額の資本金を必要とすること,の諸点をあげ,それらに適格な事業の例として,銀行,保険,水道および運河の4種をあげている。
[準則主義および株主有限責任制の確立]
 産業革命を契機として,個人企業やパートナーシップでは調達しえない多額の資本を必要とする事業が増えてくると,多額の資本を集め,それを合理的に運営するには,株式会社が最も有効かつ適切な企業形態であるという認識が広まってきた。同時に他方では,安全かつ有利に資産の運用を求める投資階級が成長してきた。…

※「株主有限責任制」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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