Adaptive control is a control that can actively change the structure, function, or operating point of the control system itself in response to changes in the object being controlled. Adaptive control has two major functions. The first is to grasp the changes in the object, which is called identification. A mathematical model of the object is created using a deterministic method based on physical and chemical laws or a statistical method in response to information obtained from the object system. The second function is to execute optimization control, which operates the control system to maximize the evaluation function, which is the specified objective, assuming that the object is represented by this model. As optimization methods, the calculus of variations, linear programming, dynamic programming, gradient method, etc., which are used in mathematical programming, are used. Recently, some PID controllers, which are widely used as regulators in instrumentation, have been equipped with an auto-tuning function that changes the control parameters in response to changes in the controlled object. This can also be considered an adaptive control system. [Yasuo Tachibana] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
制御する対象の変化に応じて制御系自らの構造、機能あるいは動作点を積極的にかえることのできる制御をいう。適応制御には二つの大きな機能がある。まず第一は対象の変化を把握することで、同定(アイデンティフィケーション)とよばれる。対象系から得られる情報に応じて物理・化学法則に基づいた確定的方法や、統計的な方法で対象の数学的モデルがつくられる。第二の機能は、対象がこのモデルで表現されるとして、所定の目的である評価関数を最大化するように制御系を動かす最適化制御の実行である。最適化の方法としては、数理計画法で用いられる変分法、線形計画法、ダイナミック・プログラミング、勾配(こうばい)法などが用いられている。最近では計装での調節計として広範囲に用いられるPIDコントローラーにも制御対象の変化に応じて制御パラメーターを変化させるオートチューニング機能が付加されたものがある。これも一つの適応制御系といえるものである。 [立花康夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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