Tintoretto - Tintoretto (English spelling)

Japanese: ティントレット - てぃんとれっと(英語表記)Tintoretto
Tintoretto - Tintoretto (English spelling)

Italian painter. His real name was Jacopo Robusti, and he was nicknamed Tintoretto after his father's occupation as a dyer (tintor). Along with the elderly Titian and the younger Veronese, he was a central figure in the Venetian art world in the late 16th century. A 17th century document records that he was briefly introduced to Titian, but was quickly expelled from his studio when one of his drawings caught the teacher's eye, but the details of his formative years are unclear. According to the document, Tintoretto had a motto in his studio that read "Michelangelo's drawings and Titian's paintings." Titian's painting techniques were certainly one of the starting points of Tintoretto's art, and there is evidence that he studied the styles of Michelangelo and Mannerism. However, what is remarkable about his work is not this reliance on others, but the great originality that creates dramatic expressions through the effective use of strong contrasts of light and dark, perspective and foreshortening. Unlike Titian, who had a wide range of clients outside Venice, Tintoretto was born in Venice and his activities rarely extended beyond the city during his lifetime. During his lifetime, he produced a great number of works with rough and swift brushstrokes, and his daughter Marietta (born 1556), sons Domenico (born 1560) and Marco (born 1561) also became painters and supported their father's activities in his workshop.

Tintoretto, who was already an independent painter in 1539, painted "Saint Mark Saving a Christian Slave" (Gallery of the Academy, Venice) for the Society of St. Mark in 1548, which stunned the public, including some critical reactions. From 1562 to 1566, he again painted three works on the miracles of St. Mark for the Society. His greatest work was the more than 50 canvases he produced over a period of about 25 years from 1564 to decorate the headquarters of the Society of St. Rocco (Scuola Grande di San Rocco). In his final years, he decorated the Basilica of San Giorgio Maggiore, which had just been built by Palladio, with works such as "The Last Supper" (1592-94).

[Shigenori Nishiyama]

"Fabry World Masterpiece Collection 78 Tintoretto" Commentary by Mitsuru Sakamoto (1973, Heibonsha)

[References] | Venetian School

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリアの画家。本名はヤコポ・ロブスティで、ティントレットの通称は父親の職業である染物屋(ティントーレ)にちなむ。老ティツィアーノ、やや若年のベロネーゼとともに、16世紀後期のベネチア画壇における中心的人物であった。17世紀の文献は、彼がティツィアーノのもとに入門したのもつかのま、その素描の一つが師の目に留まるや、すぐさま工房から放逐されたと記しているが、その芸術形成期の歩みはつまびらかではない。これも文献の語るところによれば、ティントレットは工房内に「ミケランジェロの素描とティツィアーノの賦彩(ふさい)」というモットーを掲げていたらしい。確かにティツィアーノの賦彩法はティントレットの芸術の一つの出発点であったし、ミケランジェロやマニエリスムの様式を学んだ形跡がある。しかしその作品に顕著なのは、このような他者への依存ではなく、強烈な明暗の対比や、遠近法および短縮表現の効果的使用によってドラマチックな表現を生み出す大いなる独創性である。ベネチアの外に広く顧客を擁したティツィアーノとは異なり、ティントレットはベネチアに生まれ、その活動は終生ほとんど同市の外に及ぶことはなかった。一生の間におびただしい数の作品が荒々しくすばやい筆で制作されたが、娘のマリエッタ(1556生まれ)、息子のドメニコ(1560生まれ)、マルコ(1561生まれ)も画家となり、父の工房にあって、その活動を支えた。

 1539年にはすでに独立した画家であったティントレットは、48年に聖マルコ信心会のために『キリスト教徒の奴隷を救う聖マルコ』(ベネチア、アカデミア美術館)を描き、一部の批判的な反応をも含めて、世人をして瞠目(どうもく)せしめた。62~66年にはふたたび同信心会のために聖マルコの奇蹟(きせき)を扱った作品3点を描いている。その最大の仕事は64年以降、約25年間に制作された聖ロッコ信心会本部(スクオーラ・グランデ・ディ・サン・ロッコ)を飾る50点以上のカンバスである。最晩年には、パッラディオにより建設されたばかりのサン・ジョルジョ・マッジョーレ聖堂を『最後の晩餐(ばんさん)』(1592~94)などの作品で飾った。

[西山重徳]

『坂本満解説『ファブリ世界名画全集78 ティントレット』(1973・平凡社)』

[参照項目] | ベネチア派

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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