Shobogenzo - Shobogenzo

A Buddhist book from the Kamakura period. Written by Dogen. One of Dogen's representative works. There are two types: the Shinji version (3 volumes), which is a collection of Kosoku (ancient rules) (sayings of Zen masters that are the norm for the practice of truth) in Chinese characters that are considered necessary for Zen training, and the Kana version (96 volumes) in Japanese characters. The Kana version is based on the Kosoku of the Shinji version and describes Dogen's own state of deep enlightenment. There are 47 volumes written while he was living in Kyoto from 1231 (Kanki 3) to 1243 (Kangen 1), 38 volumes written after that, when he moved to Echizen (Fukui Prefecture) until his death in 1253 (Kencho 5), and 10 volumes where the time and place of the exposition are uncertain. He himself compiled 87 volumes (75 volumes of old sō and 12 volumes of new sō) with the intention of compiling 100 volumes, but he had to stop due to illness. There are other extant copies, such as 60 volumes and 84 volumes, but in the Edo period Kozen compiled 95 volumes, which Gento reorganized and collated with other copies to publish as the Honzanban (Eiheiji edition). Through Dogen's deep meditation experience, which is directly linked to Shakyamuni's self-realization (the original experience of enlightenment), the source of all Buddhism, this work regards zazen as the unified "correct Buddhist law," and preaches that the one and only absolute practice of zazen is the path to comfort that all people should rely on. The book asserts that "All living beings have Buddha nature" (all existence is the life of a Buddha), which is clearly proven in this meditation, is a universal reality common to all people, and based on the reality of this universal life (honsho), it emphasizes the equality of all and attaining Buddhahood in a broad sense, and preaches about the awareness of the dignity of life . At the same time, it discusses issues related to ontology, such as the idea that life and death are one, that time is the same (the life activity of a being is itself the aspect of time ), and the practice of constantly inheriting the reality of Buddha nature, as well as various concrete ways of being true in real life. The ideas in this book, which arise from a profound state of mind, can be said to be at the pinnacle of Japanese thought.

[Kawamura Takamichi]

"Okubo Doshu, ed., Shobogenzo: Old Texts Revised (1971, Chikuma Shobo)" ▽ "Soto Zen Zenshu Complete Works Publishing Association, ed., Shobogenzo" (Soto Zen Zenshu Complete Works, Sogen, Vol. 1, 1971, Publishing Division of the Soto Zen Shumucho)" ▽ "Eihei Shobogenzo Collection and Publication Association, ed., Eihei Shobogenzo (Manuscripts of Various Traditions), 27 volumes (1982, Taishukan Shoten)" ▽ "Shobogenzo (Abridged Edition of the Main Temple Edition)" (1952, Koumeisha)" ▽ "Terada Toru and Mizuno Yahoko, eds., Japanese Thought Series 12 & 13, Dogen (1970, 1972, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Kawamura Takamichi, Annotated Shobogenzo, Vols. 1 and 2 (1991, Shunjusha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

鎌倉時代の仏書。道元(どうげん)撰(せん)。道元の代表的著書の一つ。参禅修行のうえに必要と考えられる古則(こそく)（真理実践の規範となる禅者のことば）を漢文体で集録した真字(しんじ)本（3巻）と、和文体の仮字(かな)本（96巻）の2種がある。仮字本は真字本の古則を台本として、道元自らの深い悟りの境涯を述べた書で、1231年（寛喜3）から43年（寛元1）までの京都在住中の著47巻、以後越前(えちぜん)（福井県）に入って示寂に至る1253年（建長5）の間の著38巻、説示の時や場所が不定の著10巻がある。100巻を撰述する意図で自ら87巻（旧草75巻、新草12巻）を編成したが、病のために中断した。ほかに60巻、84巻などの伝写本があるが、江戸時代に晃全(こうぜん)が95巻を結集し、これを玄透(げんとう)が再編成し諸本と校合して本山版(ほんざんばん)（永平寺本）として刊行した。本書は、全仏法の根源である釈尊(しゃくそん)の自内証(じないしょう)（悟りの原体験）に直結する道元の深い禅定(ぜんじょう)体験を通して、坐禅(ざぜん)を全一なる「正伝(しょうでん)の仏法」ととらえ、この坐禅の唯一(ゆいいつ)絶対行(ぎょう)こそが万人の拠(よ)るべき安楽の道であることを説く。この禅定に明証(めいしょう)された「一切衆生悉有仏性(いっさいしゅじょうしつうぶっしょう)」（すべての存在が仏(ほとけ)のいのちであるということ）が万人に共通普遍の現事実であるとし、この普遍的生命（本証(ほんしょう)）の事実にたって、広く一切の平等性と成仏(じょうぶつ)とを強調して尊厳なるいのちへの自覚を説く。それとともに、存在論にかかわる問題として、生死一如(しょうじいちにょ)、有時相即(うじそうそく)（存在の生命活動そのものが時の様相）、行持道環(ぎょうじどうかん)（仏性の事実を不断に相続する実践）などの論、その他、現実生活面での種々の具体的真実のあり方が説かれており、深い境涯より出(い)づる本書の思想は、日本思想の最高峰に位するものといえよう。

［河村孝道］

『大久保道舟編『古本校定　正法眼蔵』（1971・筑摩書房）』▽『曹洞宗全書刊行会編「正法眼蔵」（『曹洞宗全書　宗源　上』1971・曹洞宗宗務庁出版課）』▽『永平正法眼蔵蒐書大成刊行会編『永平正法眼蔵（諸種伝写本）』全27巻（1982・大修館書店）』▽『『正法眼蔵（本山版縮冊）』（1952・鴻盟社）』▽『寺田透・水野弥穂子編『日本思想大系12・13　道元』（1970、72・岩波書店）』▽『河村孝道校注『正法眼蔵』上下（1991・春秋社）』

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