Shi Ke - Sekikaku

Date of birth and death unknown. Painter from Shu, China (10th century). During the turmoil of the Five Dynasties at the end of the Tang Dynasty, Shu, located in Sichuan Province, inherited Tang-style painting and developed ink painting, and Shi Ke was one of its leading ink painters. His name was Zi Quan. He was from Chengdu and initially studied under Zhang Nanben, who was famous for his fire paintings. After Shu was pacified and became the Song Dynasty, he went to Bianjing (Kaifeng, Henan Province) around 960 and painted murals for the Xiangguo Temple. He was offered a position at Emperor Taizu's painting academy, but he declined, and died on his way back to Shu after being pardoned. He painted portraits of Taoist and Buddhist figures and is thought to have had an orthodox style of painting, but is said to have been "a man of unrestrained brush and ink, not exclusively following rules," and while relying on the traditions of the Six Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty, he is thought to have become one of the sources of painting in the Song Dynasty by changing the appearance of portraits by making full use of his highly ideographical ink-wash techniques. One of Shi Ke's works that has survived is "Nisochōshinzu" (Tokyo National Museum), a portrait of a man with rough brushstrokes and rough, one-stroke ink-wash depictions of his clothing, which is thought to be a copy that conveys Shi Ke's style of painting and is a good example of the style of the time.

[Shinya Hoshiyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

生没年不詳。中国、蜀(しょく)（10世紀）の画家。唐末五代の騒乱期に四川(しせん)省にあった蜀では、唐風絵画が継承され、水墨画が展開しつつあったが、石恪はその代表的水墨画家の1人。名は子専。成都の人で、初め火の画で著名な張南本(ちょうなんぽん)に師事した。蜀が平定されて宋(そう)となると、960年ごろ汴京(べんけい)（河南省開封市）に出て、相国寺の壁画を描いた。太祖(たいそ)の画院の職を授けられたが断り、許されて蜀に帰る途中に没した。道釈(どうしゃく)人物画を描き、正統的な画風をもっていたと思われるが、「筆墨縦逸で規矩(きく)を専(もっぱ)らにせず」と伝えられており、六朝(りくちょう)・唐以来の伝統に依拠しながら、表意性の強い水墨の墨技を駆使して人物画の形相を変えて宋代絵画の一源泉をなしたと考えられている。石恪の作品として『二祖調心(にそちょうしん)図』（東京国立博物館）が伝存するが、これは粗筆で衣文(えもん)を荒々しく一気に刷(は)いた水墨人物画で、石恪画風を伝える模本と考えられ、当時の画風を知る好作例となっている。

［星山晋也］

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