The purposes of dam construction include flood control, water supply, industry, irrigation, supply of water for hydroelectric power generation, and improvement of shipping, but a multipurpose dam is one that is built to serve two or more purposes. A dam built for only one purpose is called a dedicated dam. There are only a limited number of locations suitable for dam construction, and building a dam is very expensive, so multipurpose dams are planned to use the dam efficiently. When planning a multipurpose dam, it is necessary to adjust the various purposes, decide on cost sharing, allocate the reservoir capacity, and ensure efficient operation of the reservoir. According to the 2011 Dam Yearbook (Japan Dam Association), there are 773 multipurpose dams in Japan, which is about 28.5% of the total number of dams. These dams include the Yagisawa Dam (arch dam, Tone River, Gunma Prefecture, height 131 meters, completed in 1967), which was built for flood control and to supply water for the water supply, irrigation, and power generation, and to provide a maintenance flow rate; the Iwaya Dam (inclined soil impermeable wall type rockfill dam, Mase River in the Kiso River system, Gifu Prefecture, height 127.5 meters, completed in 1976), for flood control and to supply water for the water supply, industry, irrigation, and power generation; and the Tedorigawa Dam (central soil impermeable wall type rockfill dam, Tedori River, Ishikawa Prefecture, height 153 meters, completed in 1979), for flood control and to supply water for the water supply, industry, and power generation. [Noboru Ikawa] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ダム建設の目的には洪水調節や上水道、工業、灌漑(かんがい)、水力発電などの用水の供給、舟運の改善などがあるが、二つ以上の目的に供するために建設されるダムをいう。一つだけの目的のために建設されるダムは専用ダムという。ダムの建設に適した地点に限りがあり、またダムの建設には多額の費用がかかるので、ダムを効率的に利用するために多目的ダムが計画される。多目的ダムの計画にあたっては、各目的間の調整をし、費用分担を決め、貯水池の容量配分を行い、貯水池の効率的な運用を図ることが必要になる。2011年版ダム年鑑(日本ダム協会)によると、日本には多目的ダムは773あり、ダム総数の約28.5%に当る。洪水調節と上水道、灌漑、発電の用水供給、維持流量供給のために築造された八木沢ダム(アーチダム、群馬県利根川、高さ131メートル、1967年竣工)、洪水調節と上水道、工業、灌漑、発電の用水供給のための岩屋ダム(傾斜土質遮水壁型ロックフィルダム、岐阜県木曽川水系馬瀬川、高さ127.5メートル、1976年竣工)、洪水調節と上水道、工業、発電の用水供給のための手取川(てどりがわ)ダム(中央土質遮水壁型ロックフィルダム、石川県手取川、高さ153メートル、1979年竣工)などがある。 [鮏川 登] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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