Tull, J.

Japanese: Tull,J.(英語表記)TullJ
Tull, J.

…It can be said that books on agriculture or agronomy appeared in England from the 18th century onwards, under the influence of the Netherlands and other countries. J. Tull (1674-1740) observed and considered farming methods such as row sowing, plowing, weeding, crop nutrition and physiology, and soil improvement. At that time, there was a movement from the three-field fallow farming method (wheat, barley, fallow) to the improved three-field farming method (wheat, barley, clover), and then to the famous Norfolk method, which not only improved soil fertility but also saved labor as a four-field rotation farming method (wheat, fodder turnip, barley, clover). It was A. Young (1741-1820), who followed Tull, to theorize this movement in British capitalist agriculture at the time and actively advocate the Norfolk method. …

From [Agricultural Tools]

…In order to increase manure production, the number of livestock had to be increased, and so the idea of ​​mechanizing seeding was conceived because of the need to grow large amounts of root crops for feed. The inventor of this seeding machine was the Englishman J. Tull (1674-1740). He believed in the theory, popular at the time, that plants grow by eating soil particles through their roots. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Tull, J." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…農書,農学書ともいうべきものは,オランダなどの影響を受けた18世紀以降のイギリスにおいて出現したといってよい。タルJ.Tull(1674‐1740)は条播(じようはん)・中耕・除草,作物の栄養・生理,土壌改良などや農法について観察,考察したが,当時より,休閑三圃農法(コムギ,オオムギ,休閑)から改良三圃農法(コムギ,オオムギ,クローバー)へ,さらに四圃式輪栽農法(コムギ,飼料カブ,オオムギ,クローバー)として,地力増進のみならず,労働力の節約をもたらした著名なノーフォーク式農法への動きがあった。このような当時のイギリス資本主義農業の動きを理論づけ,ノーフォーク式農法を積極的に推奨したのは,タルにつぐA.ヤング(1741‐1820)であった。…

【農具】より

…厩肥(きゆうひ)を増産するには家畜の頭数を増やさなければならず,そのために飼料の根菜作物を大量に栽培する必要から播種の機械化が考えられた。この播種機を発明したのはイギリス人のタルJ.Tull(1674‐1740)であった。彼は,植物は根から土粒を食って生長するという,当時流行していた説を信奉していた。…

※「Tull,J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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