For example, matte painting, which has been used since the days of still cameras (a detailed picture is painted on a glass surface, and the camera is positioned to capture the real scenery or set in the distance from the transparent white space, and the aperture is narrowed so that both are within the focal depth, making it easy to understand because the backdrop and the real scenery are combined inside the camera), was used in films such as Star Wars and The Dark Crystal (1982). In addition, the transformation scene in An American Werewolf (1982), for which Rick Baker won an Academy Award, was created using artificial skin made of foam latex (polyurethane). The method of pumping compressed air into balloons hidden under the foam latex in a shot of the skin pulsating violently is an application of a classic trick already used in the 1920s and 1930s comedy series Our Gang Comedy, in a scene in which a boy's heart pounds at first sight after falling in love at first sight. Muppets (puppets) and monster suits (stuffed toys) are still used to great effect, but the problem with Japanese special effects is that the subject side still relies on "Godzilla suits and miniatures" and the development of the camera side is lagging behind. *Some of the terminology used in "Our Gang Comedy" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…たとえば,スチル・カメラのころから用いられてきたマット・ペインティング(ガラス面に精密な絵を描き,透明のまま残した余白からかなたの実景やセットをとらえる位置にカメラを据え,双方が焦点深度内にくるよう絞りこんで撮影する方法で,カメラの中で書割と実景が合成されるから,わかりやすい)は,《スター・ウォーズ》《ダーククリスタル》(1982)などに活用されている。また,リック・ベーカーがアカデミー賞を得た《狼男アメリカン》(1982)の変身シーンは,フォーム・ラテックス(ポリウレタン)の人工皮膚によって作られたが,皮膚が激しく脈動するショットの,フォーム・ラテックスの下に忍ばせた風船に圧搾空気を送りこむ方法は,1920‐30年代のシリーズ喜劇《ちびっこギャングOur Gang Comedy》で,ひとめぼれした男の子のハートがどきどきといったシーンですでに用いられた古典的トリックの応用である。なお,マペット(あやつり人形)とモンスター・スーツ(ぬいぐるみ)も,今も併用されて効果をあげている方法だが,日本の特撮の問題点は,被写体サイドが今なお〈ゴジラ・スーツとミニチュア〉に依存し,カメラサイドの開発が立ち遅れていることにある。… ※「《Our Gang Comedy》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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