Tonghua - Tsuuka

A prefecture-level city in the southern part of Jilin Province, China. It also has a county of the same name under its jurisdiction. It is located in the upper reaches of the Hun River, along the Meiji Line (Meihekou - Ji'an). It governs two city districts and three counties, including Tonghua, and acts as the administrative agent for the county-level cities of Meihekou and Ji'an (as of 2016). Its permanent population was 2,325,242 (2010). It has rapidly industrialized since the "Manchukuo" period, based on the iron mountains of Laoling, Qidaogou, and Dalizi, the coal mines of the Iron Arsenal and Badaoujiang, the limestone of Liuhe, and the silver, lead, and zinc of Qiandongzi, and is a thriving industry in steel, electrical machinery, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, spinning, paper, and wine. To the east of the Hun River in the city is the mausoleum of Yang Jingyu (1905-1940), a hero of the Anti-Japanese War.

Tonghua County was a settlement established in the late Qing Dynasty and produces soybeans, corn, rice, foxtail millet, sorghum, and other crops.

[Tatsuro Asai, Editorial Department, July 19, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、吉林(きつりん)省南部の地級市。管轄下に同名の県もある。渾江(こんこう)の上流域、梅集線（梅河口(ばいかこう)―集安(しゅうあん)）の沿線に位置する。2市轄区、通化など3県を管轄し、梅河口、集安の2県級市の管轄代行を行う（2016年時点）。常住人口232万5242（2010）。老嶺(ろうれい)、七道溝(しちどうこう)、大梨子(だいりし)などの鉄山群、鉄廠(てっしょう)、八道江(はちどうこう)などの炭鉱群、柳河の石灰岩、礦洞子(こうどうし)の銀、鉛、亜鉛などをもとに「満州国」時代から急速に工業化し、鉄鋼、電気機械、冶金、製薬、紡績、製紙、ぶどう酒工業などが盛ん。市内渾江の東方に抗日戦争の英雄楊靖宇(ようせいう)（1905―1940）の陵園がある。

　通化県は清(しん)末の入植地で、大豆、トウモロコシ、米、アワ、コウリャンなどを産する。

［浅井辰郎・編集部　2017年7月19日］

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